The 100 most highly cited papers of all time

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To mark the anniversary, Nature magazine asked Thomson Reuters to list the 100 most highly cited papers of all time. The search covered all of Thomson Reuter’s Web of Science, an online version of the SCI that also includes databases covering the social sciences, arts and humanities, conference proceedings and some books. It lists papers published from 1900 to the present day.

 
Title of the paperRankSubject
Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap41PhylogeneticsShow more
A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties42Biology lab techniqueShow more
Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set.43Physical chemistryShow more
High-resolution 2-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins.44Biology lab techniqueShow more
MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0.45PhylogeneticsShow more
Fuzzy sets.46Mathematics/statisticsShow more
Phase annealing in SHELX-90: direct methods for larger structures.47CrystallographyShow more
Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s Disease.48MedicineShow more
Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations.49PhysicsShow more
Study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid.50Biology lab techniqueShow more
The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population.51Psychology/psychiatryShow more
Improved patch-clamp techniques for high-resolution current recording from cells and cell-free membrane patches.52Biology lab techniqueShow more
A rating scale for depression.53Psychology/psychiatryShow more
An inventory for measuring depression.54Psychology/psychiatryShow more
A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein.55Biology lab techniqueShow more
Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction.56Biology lab techniqueShow more
Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via EM algorithm.57Mathematics/statisticsShow more
Equation of state calculations by fast computing machines.58Mathematics/statisticsShow more
Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing.59Mathematics/statisticsShow more
Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid.60Biology lab techniqueShow more