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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 114 / Wednesday, June 16, 2021 / Rules and Regulations Type also includes molds and models used in production. Approximate date:
5th millennium B.C. to the 18th century A.D.
f. ModelsThese are small-scale objects in terracotta, including chariots, boats, buildings, and furniture such as chairs and beds. Approximate date: 11th millennium B.C. to the 18th century A.D.
2. VesselsCeramic types, forms, and decoration vary among archaeological styles over time. Forms may be handmade or produced with ceramic lathe, plain or decorated, and may be glazed, unglazed, varnished, painted, engraved, and/or incised. They may be produced in Turkey or imported into Turkey at or near the time of production. Some of the most wellknown types are highlighted below:
a. Neolithic and Chalcolithic Period This type includes bowls, cups, jars, pots, urns, and ritual vessels in the shape of a woman or animal. Some examples are painted with yellow, brown, or red; patterns include concentric circles, horizontal lines, and geometric motifs over cream or red slip.
b. Early Bronze AgeThis type includes two-handled goblets depas amphikypellon, beak-spouted pitchers, anthropomorphic jars, pedestal bowls, amphorae, vases, double-/triple-/
quadruple vessels two or more cups or bowls attached at a central point to form a single vessel, mugs, boxes, and small pots with lids pyxis.
c. Middle and Late Bronze AgeThis type includes Assyrian Trade Colonial, Hittite, and early Mycenaean pottery. In this period, ceramic lathe and glaze techniques became common and forms became thinner. Type includes ceremonial vessels in the shape of animals rythons, plates, doublehandled drinking vessels kantharos, bathing bowls, and vases.
d. Geometric, Orientalizing, Archaic, and Classical PeriodsThis type includes vessels used for holding oil or perfume alabastron, lekythos, aryballos, lydion, jars used for storage amphorae, pelike, pithoi, hydria, pitchers and jugs oinochoe, olpe, boxes for holding cosmetics or jewelry pyxis, drinking cups kylix, kantharoi, skyphoi, tankards, other vessels krater, askos, ceremonial vases lebes gamikos, plates, and lamps. Blackfigure technique was common in Greek city-states in Western Anatolia, starting in 7th century B.C. Vessels in this technique are decorated with black painted figures on a clear clay ground.
Vessels with red-figure technique decorative elements in reserve with background fired black are also common in Western Anatolia. Most
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blackand red-figure vessels are decorated with scenes of daily life or mythology.
e. Hellenistic and Roman Periods This type includes vessel forms noted in previous time periods, as well as small bottles unguentarium and wine jars lagynos. There is less decorative painting in this period; instead, types display simple motifs and/or reliefs.
Fine red Roman tableware terra sigillata is also common.
f. Byzantine PeriodVessel types include amphorae, bowls, plates, chalices, beakers, and special shapes such as pilgrim flasks. Types include red slipwares, as well as glazed and unglazed vessels. Unglazed wares are usually undecorated; other examples may be decorated with various techniques and motifs such as human figures, animals, florals, and other symbolic motifs.
g. Islamic PeriodEarly examples include green and turquoise vessels that may be in the vessel shapes mentioned above. In addition, this type includes inkstands, chalices, lamps, rose water flasks, censers, incense cases, kitchenware, and tableware. Sizes and shapes are varied; colors include bluewhite, red, blue, yellow, purple, and green and may include floral or other painted or inscribed decorations.
3. Objects of Daily UseThis type includes objects of daily use including toys, weights, and lamps. Approximate date: 5th millennium B.C. to the 18th century A.D.
4. Seals, Stamps, and TabletsThis type includes cuneiform tablets from Anatolia during the Assyrian Colonial Period and Hittite Period; some tablets may be encased with a clay envelope.
This type also includes seals used to mark ceramics, textiles, leather, other organic materials, and live animals.
Approximate date: 5th millennium B.C.
to the 18th century A.D.
5. Islamic Period TilesTiles were used mainly for adorning walls, roofs, and floors of buildings such as mosques, masjids, mausoleums, and palaces.
During the Seljuk Period, common motifs included star and cross, mythological creatures, human and animal figures, natural and floral motifs, geometric motifs, and inscriptions.
During the Ottoman Period, most tiles are decorated with floral motifs, including the saz style with composite flowers and saz leaves. Glazed bricks used in this period are also included.
Approximate date: 11th century to the 18th century A.D.
D. Bone, Ivory, and Other Organic Material 1. Small Statuary and FigurinesThis type includes human, animal, and other
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figures in the round. Size may range between 5 cm.1 m. in height.
Approximate date: c. 20,000 B.C. to the 18th century A.D.
2. Objects of Daily UseThis type includes materials in bone, ivory, mother of pearl, seashell, and tortoise shell that may be used as decoration or inlay for architectural elements, furniture, or relief plaques. Type also includes amulets and pendants, other jewelry and beads, buckles, combs, pins, pyxis, boxes, needles, dice, mirror backs, handles, carved diptychs, writing and painting equipment, and musical instruments. Approximate date: 350,000
B.C. to the 18th century A.D.
3. Seals and StampsThese are small objects with at least one side with engraved designs for stamping or sealing. They may be cuboid, conoid, or in the shape of animals or mythological creatures. Approximate date: 7th millennium B.C. to the 18th century A.D.
4. Weapons and ToolsBone, ivory, and horn were also used to produce and decorate weapons and tools. In addition to conventional types, such as needles, awls, chisels, picks, knives, spearheads, and blades, these materials were also used for zighir thumb ring used to draw a bow and wrist shields. Found as early as 1.2 million years ago.
5. Human and Animal Remains Skeletal remains from human and animal bodies, preserved in burials or other contexts. Some examples may be plastered or painted with ochre. Found as early as 1.2 million years ago.
E. Wood 1. Architectural ElementsThis type includes walls, ceilings, floors, panels, balconies, doors, altars, parts of vaults, minbar, mihrab, muqarnas, decorative elements, ladders, or pieces of any of these objects. May be engraved, painted, inlaid, or otherwise decorated.
Approximate date: 9th millennium B.C.
to the 18th century A.D.
2. Objects of Daily UseThis type includes furniture such as chairs, stools, beds, tables, chests, and desks; kitchen and tableware, book cases, book holders, lecterns, prayer panels, carved diptychs, writing and painting equipment, games, game boxes, combs, clasps, needles, beads, and musical instruments. May be engraved, painted, inlaid, or otherwise decorated. Approximate date: 9th millennium B.C. to the 18th century A.D.
3. Tools and WeaponsThis includes bows, arrows, knives, axe and adze handles, bow drills, and spears.
Approximate date: 9th millennium B.C.
to the 18th century A.D.
4. Ships and Other VehiclesThis includes whole or pieces used in
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