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Wednesday, N ovem ber 4, 1959
meet the requirements of U.S. No. 1
grade. See 51.3199.
a In order to allow for variations, other than size, incident to proper grad ing and handling, not more than a total of 10 percent, by weight, of the onions in any lot may fail to meet the require ments of the U.S. No. 2 grade, but not more than one-fifth of this amount, or 2
percent, shall be allowed for onions which are affected by decay or wet sunscald.
b Individual containers may have not more than 10 percentage points less than the percentage of U.S. No. 1 quality specified: Provided, That the entire lot averages within the percentage specified.

FEDERAL REGISTER
A p p l ic a t i o n o f T o l e r a n c e s
8953

c Dry sunscald when the injury is more than slight and is readily apparent without peeling the onion;
a
H ie contents of individual pack d Sunburn when dark green in color ages in the lot, based on sample inspec and affecting an area equivalent to that tion, are subject to the following limita of a circle 1 inch in diameter on an onion tions: Provided, That the averages for 2% inches in diameter or correspond the entire lot are within the tolerances ingly smaller or larger areas on smaller specified for the grade:
or larger onions, or when medium to light 1 For packages which contain more green in color and affecting more than than 10 pounds and a tolerance of 10 per 10 percent o f the surface of the onion;
cent or more is provided, individual pack _ e Sprouting when any sprout is ages in any lot shall have not more than visible, or when concealed within the one and one-half times the tolerance neck scales and are more than threespecified. For packages which contain fourths inch in length;
more than 10 pounds and a tolerance of f Staining, dirt or other foreign less than 10 percent is provided, individ material when the onions in any lot are ual packages in any lot shall have not 51.3197 U.S. No. 2.
affected in appearance to a more serious more than double the tolerance specified, U.S. No. 2 consists of onions o f simi except that at least one defective and degree than of a lot of yellow onions lar varietal characteristics which are not one off-size specimen may be permitted having 15 percent appreciably stained and 5 percent badly stained, or a lot of soft or spongy and which are free from in any package; and, white onions having 10 percent ap decay, wet sunscald and bottlenecks and 2 For packages which contain 10
free from serious damage caused by pounds or less, individual packages in preciably stained and 5 percent badly stained:
seedstems, dry sunscald, sprouting, any lot are not restricted as to the per 1 Appreciably stained means that staining, dirt or other foreign material, centage of defects or off-size: Provided, disease, insects or mechanical or other That not more than one-tenth of the there is sufficient staining or discolora tion caused by weathering or other means. See 51.3199.
packages may have more than one onion a In order to allow for variations,or more than 4 percent of the onions means to materially affect the appear other than size, incident to proper grad whichever is the larger amount ance of the individual onion; and, 2 Badly stained means that there ing and handling, not more than a total affected by decay or wet sunscald.
is sufficient staining caused by weather of 10 percent, by weight, of the onions ing or other means to seriously affect the D e f in it io n s in any lot may fail to meet the require ments of the grade, including therein 51.3201 Similar varietal characteristics. appearance of the individual onion; and, g Mechanical when any cut extends not more than 2 percent for onions which Similar v a r i e t a l characteristics deeper than one fleshy scale, or when are affected by decay or wet sunscald.
means that the onions in any container any bruise breaks a fleshy scale.
U n c l a s s if ie d are similar in color, shape and character 51.3208 Serious damage.
of growth.
51.3198 Unclassified.
Serious damage , unless otherwise Unclassified consists of onions which 51.3202 Mature.
specifically defined in this section, means have not been classified in accordance Mature means that the onion is any defect which seriously affects the with any of the foregoing grades. The fairly well cured, and at least fairly firm, appearance, or the edible or shipping term unclassified is not a grade within quality of the onions. Any one of th the meaning of these standards but is 51.3203 Fairly well shaped.
following defects, or any combination of provided as a designation to show that Fairly well shaped means that the defects the seriousness of which exceeds no grade has been applied to the lot.
onion shows the characteristic shape, not the maximum allowed for any one defect, appreciably three, four or five-sided, shall be considered as serious damage:
S iz e thick necked or badly pinched.
a Seedstems when more than one51.3199 Size.
half inch in diameter;
51.3204 W et sunscald.
a Size shall be specified in connec b Dry sunscald when extending W et sunscald means any sungcald deeper than one fleshy scale, or when tion with the grade in terms of m in im u m diameter, range in diameter, m in im u m which is soft, mushy or wet.
affecting an area equivalent to that of diameter with a percentage of a certain 51.3205 Doubles a circle 1 inch in diameter on an onion size and larger, or in accordance with 2% inches in diameter, or correspond
Doubles means onions which have one of the size classifications listed ingly lesser or greater areas on smaller developed more than one distinct bulb below: Provided, That, unless otherwise or larger onions;
specified, onions shall meet the require joined only at the base.
c Sprouting when any visible sprout ments of medium:
is more than one-half inch in length;
51.3206 Bottlenecks.
. <1> Small shall be from 1 to 2% inches d Staining, dirt or other foreign Bottlenecks means onions which material when the onions in any lot are in diameter;
i 2> Medium shall be from 2 to 3% have abnormally thick necks with only affected in appearance to a more serious fairly well developed bulbs.
inches in diameter; and, degree than that of a lot of onions hav 3
Large shall be 3 inches and larger 51.3207 Damage.
ing 25 percent badly stained :
in diameter with not less than lO per 1
Badly stained means that there Damage , unless otherwise sepcificent over 3Vo inches.
is sufficient staining caused by weather cally defined in this section, means any b Tolerances for size: In order t defect which materially affects the ap ing or other means to seriously affect the allow for variations incident to prope pearance, or the edible or shipping appearance of the individual onion; and, sizing, not more than 5 percent, b quality of the onions. Any one of the e Mechanical when any cut extends weight, of the onions in any lot may b following defects, or any combination of deeper than two fleshy scales, or when smaller than the minimum diamete defects the seriousness of which exceeds cuts seriously damage the appearance o f specified. In addition, not more than 1
the maximum allowed for any one defect, the onion.
Percent, by weight, of the onions in an;
shall be considered as damage:
lot may be larger than the maximun a Seedstems which are tough or 51.3209 Diameter.
diameter specified. When a percentag woody, or which are more than one Diameter means the greatest dimen of the onions is specified to be of a cer fourth inch in diameter;
tarn size and larger, individual package sion of the ortion at right angles to a line b Splits when well cured onions are running from the stem to the root.
containing more than 10 pounds ma;
nave not less than one-half of the per not practically covered by an outer The United States Standards for Bercentage specified : Provided, That the en scale, or when fairly well cured onions muda-Granex Type Onions contained in tire lot averages within the percentagi are not completely covered by one outer this subpart shall become effective Janu specified.
scale;
ary 1,1960, and will thereupon supersede 51.3200

Application o f tolerances.