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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 230 / Friday, December 3, 2021 / Rules and Regulations 2. Wall and Ceiling MosaicsWall and ceiling mosaics are made from stone or glass cut into small bits tesserae and laid into a plaster matrix. Subjects may include religious images and scenes of Biblical events. Surrounding panels may contain animal, floral, or geometric designs.
M. WritingThis category includes objects made from papyrus, wood, ivory, stone, metal, textile, clay, and ceramic that exhibit forms of writing including hieroglyphic, hieratic, Aramaic, Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Coptic, Syriac, Georgian, Slavonic, Ethiopian, Armenian, Persian, and Arabic scripts.
N. Human and Animal Remains This category includes human and animal mummies.

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II. Ethnological Material Ethnological material covered by the Agreement includes architectural elements, manuscripts, ecclesiastical objects, and ceremonial and ritual objects of the Islamic culture, ranging in date from A.D. 1517 to 1914. This would exclude Jewish ceremonial or ritual objects.
A. Stone 1. Architectural ElementsThis category includes doors, door frames, window fittings, columns, capitals, plinths, bases, lintels, jambs, roofs, archways, friezes, pilasters, engaged columns, altars, prayer niches mihrabs, screens, fountains, inlays, and blocks from walls, floors, and ceilings of buildings. Architectural elements may be plain, molded, or carved and are often decorated with motifs and inscriptions. Marble, limestone, and sandstone are most commonly used.
2. Architectural and NonArchitectural Relief SculptureThis category includes slabs, plaques, steles, capitals, mosaic panels, and plinths carved with religious, figural, floral, or geometric motifs or inscriptions in Arabic for ceremonial and ritual use.
Examples occur primarily in marble, limestone, and sandstone.
3. Memorial Stones and TombstonesThis category includes tombstones, grave markers, and cenotaphs. Examples occur primarily in marble and are engraved with Arabic script.
4. Vessels and ContainersThis category includes ceremonial and ritual stone lamps and containers.
B. Metal 1. Architectural ElementsThis category includes doors, door fixtures, such as knockers, bolts and hinges,
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chandeliers, screens, taps, spigots, fountains, and sheets. Copper, brass, lead, and alloys are most commonly used.
2. Architectural and NonArchitectural Relief SculptureThis category includes appliques, plaques, and steles, primarily made of bronze and brass, for ceremonial and ritual use.
Examples often include religious, figural, floral, or geometric motifs. They may also have inscriptions in Arabic.
3. LampsThis category includes handheld lamps, candelabras, braziers, sconces, chandeliers, and lamp stands for ceremonial, ritual, and funerary use.
4. Vessels and ContainersThis category includes containers used for religious services, such as Koran Quran cases, Greek Orthodox and Coptic Bible caskets, patens, Eucharistic goblets, amulet boxes, and incense burners. Brass, copper, silver, and gold are most commonly used. Containers may be plain, engraved, hammered, or otherwise decorated. Bible caskets may be made of wood and covered with embossed silver sheets attached by nails.
5. Musical InstrumentsThis category includes instruments used in Islamic/Sufi religious ceremonies or rituals such as cymbals and trumpets.
C. Ceramic and Clay 1. Architectural ElementsThis category includes carved and molded brick and engraved and/or painted and glazed tile wall ornaments and panels, sometimes with Arabic script.
2. LampsThis category includes glazed mosque and sanctuary lamps that may have straight or round, bulbous bodies with a flared top and several branches.
D. Wood 1. Architectural ElementsThis category includes doors, door frames and fixtures, windows, window frames, panels, beams, balconies, stages, screens, prayer niches mihrabs, minbars, icons, wall shelves, cupolas, and ceilings. Examples may be decorated with religious, geometric, or floral motifs or inscriptions, and may be either carved, turned on a lathe, and/
or painted. Icons may be partially covered with gold or silver, sometimes encrusted with semi-precious or precious stones or glass, and are usually painted on a wooden panel, often for inclusion in a wooden screen iconostasis.
2. Architectural and NonArchitectural Relief SculptureThis category includes panels, roofs, beams, balconies, stages, panels, ceilings, and doors for ceremonial and ritual use.

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Examples are carved, inlaid, or painted with decorations of religious, floral, or geometric motifs or Arabic inscriptions.
3. FurnitureThis category includes furniture, such as minbars, dikkas, professorial chairs, episcopal thrones, lectures, divans, stools, altars, and tables from Islamic, Greek Orthodox, and Coptic ceremonial or ritual contexts. Examples can be carved, inlaid, or painted and are made from various types of wood.
4. Vessels and ContainersThis category includes containers used for religious purposes such as Koran Quran cases or Greek Orthodox and Coptic Bible caskets and ciboria.
Examples may be carved, inlaid, or painted with decorations in religious, floral, or geometric motifs, or Arabic script. Bible caskets may be covered with embossed silver sheets attached by nails.
5. Writing ImplementsThis category includes printing blocks, writing tablets, and Islamic study tablets inscribed in Arabic and used for teaching the Koran Quran.
6. Musical InstrumentsThis category includes instruments used in Islamic/Sufi religious ceremonies or rituals, such as frame drums banadir.
7. BeadsThis category includes Islamic prayer beads masbaha.
Examples may be plain or decorated with carved designs.
E. Bone, Ivory, and Shell 1. Architectural ElementsThis category includes lintels and doorframes often carved, and inlays for religious decorative and architectural elements.
2. Ceremonial ParaphernaliaThis category includes boxes, reliquaries and their contents, plaques, pendants, candelabra, and stamp and seal rings.
F. Glass and Semi-Precious Stone 1. Architectural ElementsThis category includes windowpanes, mosaic elements, inlays, and stained glass from ceremonial or ritual contexts.
2. Vessels and ContainersThis category includes glass and enamel lamps and vessels used for Islamic, Greek Orthodox, and Coptic religious services. It also includes Greek Orthodox and Coptic Bible caskets that may include glass decoration cabochons as part of the embossed silver cover.
3. BeadsThis category includes Islamic prayer beads masbaha in glass or semi-precious stones.
G. Leather, Parchment, and Paper 1. Books and Manuscripts Manuscripts can be written or painted on paper or papyrus. They occur as
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