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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 203 / Monday, October 25, 2021 / Rules and Regulations contractor, who sells it to the end-user.
In a contractor distribution channel, DOE assumed the fixture manufacturer sells the fixture directly to a contractor, who sells it to the end-user. In a utility distribution channel, DOE assumed the fixture manufacturer sells the fixture directly to the end-user i.e., electrical utility. Indoor fixtures are all assumed to go through the electrical wholesaler distribution channel. Outdoor fixtures are assumed to go through all three distribution channels as follows: 60
percent electrical wholesaler, 20 percent contractor, and 20 percent utility.
2. Estimation of Markups To estimate wholesaler and utility markups, DOE used financial data from 10K reports of publicly owned electrical wholesalers and utilities.
DOEs markup analysis developed both baseline and incremental markups to transform the fixture MSP into an enduser equipment price. DOE used the baseline markups to determine the price of baseline designs. Incremental
markups are coefficients that relate the change in the MSP of higher-efficiency designs to the change in the wholesaler and utility sales prices, excluding sales tax. These markups refer to higherefficiency designs sold under market conditions with new and amended energy conservation standards.
In the August 2020 NOPD, DOE used the same wholesaler and contractor markups as the 2014 MHLF final rule and assumed a wholesaler baseline markup of 1.23 and a contractor markup of 1.13, yielding a total wholesaler distribution channel baseline markup of 1.49. The lower wholesaler incremental markup of 1.05 yields a lower total incremental markup through this distribution channel of 1.27. DOE also assumed a utility markup of 1.00 for the utility distribution channel in which the manufacturer sells a fixture directly to the end-user. DOE again assumed a contractor markup of 1.13 for the utility distribution channel in which a manufacturer sells a fixture to a contractor who in turn sells it to the
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end-user yielding an overall markup of 1.21 for this channel. 85 FR 47472, 47492. DOE used these same markups for this final determination analysis.
The sales tax represents state and local sales taxes applied to the end-user equipment price. DOE obtained state and local tax data from the Sales Tax Clearinghouse.13 These data represent weighted averages that include state, county, and city rates. DOE then calculated population-weighted average tax values for each census division and large state, and then derived U.S.
average tax values using a populationweighted average of the census division and large state values. For this final determination, this approach provided a national average tax rate of 7.3 percent.
3. Summary of Markups Table IV.15 summarizes the markups at each stage in the distribution channels and the overall baseline and incremental markups, and sales taxes, for each of the three identified channels.

TABLE IV.15SUMMARY OF FIXTURE DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL MARKUPS
Wholesaler distribution
Utility distribution Via wholesaler and contractor
Baseline
Baseline Electrical Wholesaler Distributor
Utility
Contractor or Installer

1.23
N/A
1.13

Sales Tax

1.49

Incremental
N/A
1.00
1.13

N/A
1.00
1.13

1.07
1.27

Baseline
Incremental
N/A
1.00
N/A

N/A
1.00
N/A

1.07

1.21

1.21

1.07

1.07

E. Energy Use Analysis The purpose of the energy use analysis is to determine the annual energy consumption of MHLFs at different efficiencies in the commercial, industrial, and outdoor stationary sectors, and to assess the energy savings potential of increased MHLF efficiency.
The energy use analysis estimates the range of energy use of MHLFs in the field i.e., as they are actually used by customers. The energy use analysis provides the basis for other analyses
DOE performed, particularly assessments of the energy savings and the savings in operating costs that could result from adoption of amended or new standards.
To develop annual energy use estimates, DOE multiplied the lampand-ballast system input power in watts by annual usage in hours per year. DOE characterized representative lamp-and-ballast systems in the engineering analysis, which provided measured input power ratings. To characterize the countrys average usage of fixtures for a typical year, DOE
developed annual operating hour distributions by sector, using data published in the 2015 U.S. Lighting Market Characterization LMC.14 For the 50 W and 100 W to >500 W and 1,000 W equipment classes, DOE

obtained weighted-average annual operating hours for the commercial, industrial, and outdoor stationary sectors of approximately 2,300 hours, 5,100 hours, and 5,000 hours, respectively. For the 1,500 W equipment class, DOE assigned annual operating hours of approximately 770 hours for all lamps according to the 2015 LMC
estimate of 2.1 hours per day for sports field lighting, consistent with the methodology from the August 2020
NOPD analysis. 85 FR 47472, 47492.
Chapter 7 of the final determination TSD provides details on DOEs energy use analysis for MHLFs.

13 Sales Tax Clearinghouse, Inc. The Sales Tax Clearinghouse. Last accessed June 16, 2021.
https thestc.com/STRates.stm.

14 Navigant Consulting, Inc. 2015 U.S. Lighting Market Characterization. 2017. U.S. Department of Energy: Washington, DC. Report No. DOE/EE1719.

Last accessed February 3, 2020. https
energy.gov/eere/ssl/downloads/2015-us-lightingmarket-characterization.

Using these markups, DOE generated fixture end-user prices for each EL it considered, assuming that each level represents a new minimum efficiency standard.
Chapter 6 of the final determination TSD provides details on DOEs development of markups for MHLFs.

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1.05
N/A
1.13

1.07

Overall

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F. Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analysis DOE conducted LCC and PBP
analyses to evaluate the economic impacts on individual customers of
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