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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 166 / Tuesday, August 31, 2021 / Rules and Regulations TABLE 2ESTIMATED MAXIMUM CHANGE IN RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES IN 20212022Continued
khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with RULES2

Dollars in thousands Station
Additional hunting days
Additional fishing days
Lacreek NWR
Lake Alice NWR
Las Vegas NWR
Mackay Island NWR
Malheur NWR
Mandalay NWR
Middle Mississippi River NWR
Minnesota Valley NWR.
Missisquoi NWR
Moosehorn NWR
Muleshoe NWR
National Elk Refuge
Neal Smith NWR
Neches River NWR
Northern Tallgrass Prairie NWR
Occoquan Bay NWR
Ohio River Islands NWR
Ottawa NWR
Ouray NWR
Patoka River NWR
Petit Manan NWR
Plum Tree Island NWR
Pond Island NWR
Presquile NWR
Rappahannock NWR
Red River NWR.
Rice Lake NWR
Sam D. Hamilton Noxubee NWR
Sequoyah NWR
Sherburne NWR
Silvio O. Conte NWR
Sunkhaze Meadows NWR
Supawna Meadows NWR
Tensas River NWR
UL Bend NWR
Upper Ouachita NWR
Wallkill River NWR.
Wapanocca NWR
Waubay NWR
Wichita Mountains NWR
William L. Finley NWR

10
28
200
232
519
10

15

0.5
0.3
0.9
6.7
7.8
17.5
0.3

400
50
75
48
27
2,161
69.6
280
530
18
45
15
700
138
10
497

10

5.48
1,200
160
2
300
1,200

13.5
1.7
2.9
1.6
0.9
72.8
2.5
51.5
17.9
6.2
1.5
0.6
23.6
10.5
4.6
42.4
16.7

48
7
444
50
10
500
16
10
45

2,000
0

1.6
0.2
70.1
15.0
1.7
0.3
16.8
0.5
0.3
1.5

130

264

90
15
12,123

7.5
0.5
425.2
8.9

Total

14,954

25,885

1,411.5

To the extent visitors spend time and money in the area of the station that they would not have spent there anyway, they contribute new income to the regional economy and benefit local businesses. Due to the unavailability of site-specific expenditure data, we use the national estimates from the 2016
National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife Associated Recreation to identify expenditures for food and lodging, transportation, and other incidental expenses. Using the average expenditures for these categories with the maximum expected additional participation of the Refuge System and the Hatchery System yields approximately $1.4 million in recreation-related expenditures see Table 2, above. By having ripple effects throughout the economy, these direct
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expenditures are only part of the economic impact of these recreational activities. Using a national impact multiplier for hunting activities 2.51
derived from the report Hunting in America: An Economic Force for Conservation and for fishing activities 2.51 derived from the report Sportfishing in America yields a total maximum economic impact of approximately $5.3 million 2020
dollars Southwick Associates, Inc., 2018. Using a local impact multiplier would yield more accurate and smaller results. However, we employed the national impact multiplier due to the difficulty in developing local multipliers for each specific region.
Since we know that most of the fishing and hunting occurs within 100
miles of a participants residence, then
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Additional expenditures
it is unlikely that most of this spending will be new money coming into a local economy; therefore, this spending will be offset with a decrease in some other sector of the local economy. The net gain to the local economies will be no more than $5.3 million, and likely less. Since 80 percent of the participants travel less than 100 miles to engage in hunting and fishing activities, their spending patterns will not add new money into the local economy and, therefore, the real impact will be on the order of about $1.1 million annually.
Small businesses within the retail trade industry such as hotels, gas stations, taxidermy shops, bait-andtackle shops, and similar businesses may be affected by some increased or decreased station visitation. A large percentage of these retail trade
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