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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 106 / Friday, June 4, 2021 / Proposed Rules
of these performance-related features would decrease efficacy.
C. Technological Feasibility During the January 2016 Final Rule, DOE considered a number of technology options that manufacturers could use to reduce energy consumption in CFLKs.
81 FR 580, 591.
Issue 11: DOE seeks comment on any changes to these technology options that could affect whether DOE could propose a no-new-standards determination, such as an insignificant increase in the range of efficiencies and performance characteristics of these technology
options. DOE also seeks comment on whether there are any other technology options that Issue 12: DOE should consider in its analysis.
While DOEs request for information is not limited to the following issues, DOE is particularly interested in comment, information, and data on the following.
1. Technology Assessment In analyzing the feasibility of potential new or amended energy conservation standards, DOE uses information about existing and past
technology options and prototype designs to help identify technologies that manufacturers could use to meet and/or exceed a given set of energy conservation standards under consideration. In consultation with interested parties, DOE intends to develop a list of technologies to consider in its analysis. That analysis will likely include a number of the technology options DOE previously considered during its most recent rulemaking for CFLKs. A complete list of those prior options appears in Table II.3.

TABLE II.3TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS FOR CFLKS CONSIDERED IN THE JANUARY 2016 FINAL RULE
Lamp type
Name of technology option
Description
CFL

Highly Emissive Electrode Coatings

Improved electrode coatings allow electrons to be more easily removed from electrodes, reducing lamp power and increasing overall efficacy.
Fill gas compositions improve cathode thermionic emission or increase mobility of ions and electrons in the lamp plasma.
Techniques to increase the conversion of ultraviolet UV light into visible light.
Coatings on inside of bulb enable the phosphors to absorb more UV energy, so that they emit more visible light.
Emitting more than one visible photon for each incident UV photon.
Improve cold spot design to maintain optimal temperature and improve light output.
Use of higher-grade components to improve efficiency of integrated ballasts.
Better circuit design to improve efficiency of integrated ballasts.
Replace CFL with LED technology.
New high-efficiency wavelength conversion materials, such as optimized phosphor conversion, quantum-dots, have the potential for creating warm-white LEDs with improved spectral efficiency, high color quality, and improved thermal stability.
Novel package architectures such as color mixing RGB+ and hybrid architecture to improve package efficacy.
The development of efficient red, green, or amber LED emitters, will allow for optimization of spectral efficiency with high color quality over a range of correlated color temperature CCT and which also exhibit color and efficiency stability with respect to operating temperature.
Alternative substrates such as gallium nitride GaN, silicon carbide to enable high-quality epitaxy for improved device quality and efficacy.
TIMs that enable high-efficiency thermal transfer for long-term reliability and performance optimization of the LED device.
Improve thermal conductivity and heat dissipation from the LED chip, thus reducing efficacy loss from rises in junction temperature.
Devices such as internal fans and vibrating membranes to improve thermal dissipation from the LED chip.
Enhancements to the primary optic of the LED package such as surface etching that would optimize extraction of usable light from the LED package and reduce losses due to light absorption at interfaces.
Reduce or eliminate optical losses from the lamp housing, diffusion, beam shaping, and other secondary optics to increase efficacy using mechanisms such as reflective coatings and improved diffusive coatings.
Increase driver efficiency through novel and intelligent circuit design.
Eliminate the requirements of a driver and therefore reduce efficiency losses from the driver.
Driving LED chips at lower currents while maintaining light output, and thereby reducing the efficiency losses associated with efficacy droop.

Higher-Efficiency Lamp Fill Gas Composition.
Higher-Efficiency Phosphors
Glass Coatings
Multi-Photon Phosphors
Cold Spot Optimization

LED lamp

Improved Ballast Components
Improved Ballast Circuit Design
Change in Technology
Efficient Down Converters

Improved Package Architectures
Improved Emitter Materials

Alternative Substrate Materials
Improved Thermal Interface Materials TIMs.
Optimized Heat Sink Design
Active Thermal Management Systems
Device-Level Optics
Increased Light Utilization Secondary Optics.
Improved Driver Design
AC LEDs
Reduced Current Density

Issue 13: DOE seeks information on the technologies listed in Table II.3 of this document regarding their applicability to the current market and how these technologies may impact the efficacy of light sources in CFLKs as measured according to the DOE test
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procedure. DOE also seeks information on how these technologies may have changed since they were considered in the January 2016 Final Rule analysis.
Specifically, DOE seeks information on the range of efficiencies or performance
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characteristics that are currently available for each technology option.
Issue 14: DOE seeks information on the technologies listed in Table II.3 of this document regarding their market adoption, costs, and any concerns with incorporating them into products e.g.,
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