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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 83 / Monday, May 3, 2021 / Rules and Regulations
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powered unlicensed devices would cause harmful interference to the space station receivers, especially since such devices are not expected to radiate significant power skyward. The Commission also believed that UNII
devices operating in the UNII4 band would not cause harmful interference to amateur operations in the 5.9 GHz band due to the relatively low power with which UNII devices would operate as compared to amateur stations, which are permitted to operate with as much as 1.5 kW 62 dBm peak envelope power.
The Commission dismissed amateur commenters concerns the Commission was reallocating the spectrum from the Amateur Service to unlicensed operations as beyond the scope of the proceeding, since part 15 devices do not operate pursuant to an allocation, and in any case, the Commission did not propose to remove the Amateur Service allocation from the 5.9 GHz band.
C. ITS in the 5.8955.925 GHz Band 25. To promote the most effective use of the upper 30 megahertz of spectrum in the 5.9 GHz band, the Commission determined that the ITS service should be based on use of one technology, and concluded that CV2X technology would provide the best means of achieving its goals for ITS in the coming years. In the First Report and Order, the Commission provided technical flexibility to enable ITS licensees currently using DSRC-based technology to operate in this 30-megahertz ITS band until the time ITS services must operate using CV2X technology. Because the Commission believed that many, if not most, of the active ITS licensees would want to transition to CV2X technology as soon as possible to speed development and deployment of ITS
services, it decided to permit, through its waiver process, the deployment of C
V2X technology during the transition period in a manner that would not interfere with existing DSRC-based operations.
26. ITS Operations using CV2X
Technology. Based on consideration of the technology-related issues in the record, including the advantages of both DSRC and CV2X, the Commission concluded that the public interest would be best served by adopting C
V2X as the sole ITS delivery technology and phasing out the existing DSRC
technology. In making this decision, the Commission observed that DSRC had not enjoyed widespread deployment as the mandated ITS technology in the U.S.
At the same time, momentum both domestically and globally appears to be shifting toward the use of CV2X for ITS. International deployment and uses
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of DSRC remain in flux and many automakers and developers are moving toward CV2X. China has adopted C
V2X in lieu of DSRC, and the European Union is exploring whether to implement policies to create a path for CV2X Direct deployment in Europe. By designating CV2X for ITS delivery, the Commission concluded that the U.S. is positioning itself as a global leader to be at the forefront of continued CV2X
technology development as it becomes more globally harmonized.
27. The Commission stated that the following factors advocated in the record shaped its view: CV2X Direct technology outperforms DSRC on reliability, range, and resilience to interference, which in turn will help improve non-line-of-site capabilities to promote safety benefits; during times of peak congestion, CV2X functionality can offload less time-critical V2V, V2I, and vehicle-to-pedestrian communications to the cellular network, thereby supporting safety-critical communications; CV2X is better for achieving network effects insofar as cost efficiencies support deployment on a more accelerated basis; new vehicles are now generally equipped with CV2X
network mode chipsets; CV2X
technology can leverage cellular networks and thereby reduce the infrastructure cost associated with deploying vehicle-to-everything V2X
communications; and because CV2X
operates on both 20- and 10-megahertz channels, it could support throughput throughout the 30 megahertz of spectrum that would be available.
28. The Commission concluded that choosing CV2X as the sole ITS
connected vehicle technology in the U.S. is the best decision for promoting more robust ITS deployment in the 5.9
GHz in the coming years. While each technology has the capability of providing safety-related ITS services, the Commission was persuaded that C
V2X promises a more efficient and effective use of the spectrum through its ability to achieve greater network effects and leverage cellular networks to reduce infrastructure costs. The Commission was not convinced that the limited examples of recent DSRC deployments in other countries outweighed the U.S.
automotive industrys focus on deploying CV2X technology, or that those limited deployments portended a significant growth in DSRC
deployments here in the U.S. The Commission was confident that its action would expedite and expand the deployment of ITS safety benefits while ensuring efficient use of spectrum.
29. The Commission rejected claims by the Institute for Policy Innovations
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that ITS was an idea whose time has passed and that vehicle connectivity was not critical to potential automotive safety benefits. The Commission reasoned that by reducing the size of the ITS band, future ITS deployment could be focused on deploying critical vehicular safety applications and take its position as part of a larger framework of technology solutions currently available to make road travel safer for the American people. The Commission also rejected arguments from various local entities, state departments of transportation, and others that the Commission should conduct testing in coordination with the U.S. DOT, both with CV2X and DSRC technology, to fully understand the potential coexistence with other co-primary users in the band. Instead, the Commission stated that it was choosing a single technology for the entire ITS band that it determined would be best suited for ITS in the coming years, and that further delay would not serve the American public. Rather, it would be best to move forward with a revised 5.9 GHz band plan which supports CV2X technology so that these vehicle safety-related applications could be fully deployed quickly. Based on the record, the Commission believed that opting to permit a single technologyCV2Xin the revised band plan best serves the American public.
30. Transitioning to CV2X
Operations in the ITS Band. The Commission decided to modify existing ITS licenses to allow operation only in the 5.8955.925 GHz band. The Commission required licensees to transition out of the 5.8505.895 GHz segment of the band within one year of the effective date of the First Report and Order, and designated CV2X
technology as the ITS delivery system once the Commission adopts a deadline and the transition to the revised ITS
band is complete.
31. To enable a smoother and more rapid development and deployment of CV2X-based ITS operations in the near term, the Commission decided to permit any existing or future part 90 ITS
licensee to operate CV2X-based RSUs in the 5.8955.925 GHz band within its geographic license area by requesting and obtaining a waiver of the Commissions rules, subject to specific conditions. Each such ITS licensee would be required to coordinate its CV2X-based RSU operations with any existing licensee within that same geographic area to ensure that no CV2X-based RSUs would interfere with any DSRC-based RSUs that operate in the 5.8955.925 GHz band. Under this approach, the Commission will also
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