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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 9 / Thursday, January 14, 2021 / Presidential Documents
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megawatt range would be necessary for efficient, long-duration deep space propulsion. Affordable, lightweight nuclear power sources in space would enable new opportunities for scientific discovery. The sustainable exploration of the Moon, Mars, and other locations will be enhanced if small modular reactors can be deployed and operated remotely from Earth.
b Within 180 days of the date of this order, the NASA Administrator, in consultation with heads of other executive departments and agencies agencies, as appropriate, shall define requirements for NASA utilization of nuclear energy systems for human and robotic exploration missions through 2040 and analyze the costs and benefits of such requirements.
In defining these requirements, the NASA Administrator shall take into account considerations unique to the utilization of nuclear energy systems in space, such as:
i transportability of a reactor prior to and after deployment;
ii thermal management in a reducedor zero-gravity environment in a vacuum or near-vacuum;
iii fluid transfer within reactor systems in a reduced or zero-gravity environment;
iv reactor size and mass that can be launched from Earth and assembled in space;
v cooling of nuclear reactors in space;
vi electric power requirements;
vii space safety rating to enable operations as part of human space exploration missions;
viii period of time for which a reactor can operate without refueling;
and
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ix conditioning of reactor components for use in the space environment.
Sec. 6. Domestic Fuel Supply. a A thriving and secure domestic nuclear fuel supply chain is critical to the national interests of the United States.
A viable domestic nuclear fuel supply chain not only supports defense and national security activities, but also enables the success of the commercial nuclear industry. Many advanced reactor concepts, however, will require high-assay, low-enriched uranium HALEU, for which no domestic commercial enrichment capability currently exists. The United States must take steps to ensure a viable United States-origin HALEU supply.
b The Secretary of Energy shall complete the Department of Energys ongoing 3-year, $115 million demonstration of a United States-origin enrichment technology capable of producing HALEU for use in defense-related advanced reactor applications. Within funding available for the demonstration project, the Secretary of Energy should develop a plan to promote successful transition of this technology to the private sector for commercial adoption.
c The Secretary of Energy shall consult with the Secretary of Defense, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and the NASA Administrator regarding how advanced fuels and related technologies can best support implementation of sections 3, 4, and 5 of this order.
Sec. 7. Common Technology Roadmap. a The Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, and the NASA Administrator shall develop a common technology roadmap through 2030 that describes potential development programs and that coordinates, to the extent practicable, terrestrial-based advanced nuclear reactor and space-based nuclear power and propulsion efforts. Agencies shall remain responsible for funding their respective mission-unique requirements. The roadmap shall also include, at a minimum:
i assessments of foreign nations space nuclear power and propulsion technological capabilities;

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