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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 9 / Thursday, January 14, 2021 / Presidential Documents b The United States should maintain technology supremacy for nuclear research and development, manufacturing proficiency, and security and safety; and c The United States Government should bolster national defense and space exploration capabilities and enable private-sector innovation of advanced reactor technologies.
Sec. 3. Demonstration of Commercial Reactors to Enhance Energy Flexibility at a Defense Installation. a Micro-reactors have the potential to enhance energy flexibility and energy security at domestic military installations in remote locations. Accordingly, the Secretary of Defense shall, within 180 days of the date of this order, establish and implement a plan to demonstrate the energy flexibility capability and cost effectiveness of a Nuclear Regulatory Commission-licensed micro-reactor at a domestic military installation.
b If the demonstration is successful, the Secretary of Defense shall identify opportunities at domestic military installations where this capability could enhance or supplement the fulfillment of installation energy requirements.
In identifying these opportunities, the Secretary of Defense shall take into account considerations that are unique to national defense needs and requirements that may not be relevant in the private sector, such as:
i the ability to provide resilient, independent energy delivery to installations in the event that connections to an electrical grid are compromised;
ii the ability to operate for an extended period of time without refueling;
iii system resistance to disruption from an electro-magnetic pulse event;
and iv system cybersecurity requirements.
Sec. 4. Defense Capabilities. a The Department of Defense is one of the largest consumers of energy in the world, using more than 10 million gallons of fuel per day and 30,000 gigawatt-hours of electricity per year, nearly all of which is provided through civilian electrical grids. Fuel demands for a modern United States military have dramatically grown since World War II and are anticipated to continue to increase in order to support high-energy-usage military systems. In this context, nuclear power could significantly enhance national defense power capabilities.
b The Secretary of Defense shall, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Administrator:
i determine whether advanced nuclear reactors can be made to benefit Department of Defense future space power needs;
ii pilot a transportable micro-reactor prototype;

khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PRESDOC

iii direct an analysis of alternatives for personnel, regulatory, and technical requirements to inform future decisions with respect to nuclear power usage; and iv direct an analysis of United States military uses for space nuclear power and propulsion technologies and an analysis of foreign adversaries space power and propulsion programs.
Sec. 5. Space Exploration. a Nuclear power sources that use uranium fuel or plutonium heat sources are essential to deep space exploration and in areas where solar power is not practical. NASA uses radioisotope power systems, such as radioisotope thermoelectric generators and radioisotope heater units, to provide power and heat for deep space robotic missions.
Nuclear power sources in the kilowatt range may be needed for demonstrating In-situ Resource Utilization ISRU and robotic exploration of permanently shadowed craters on the Moon that contain frozen water. Nuclear reactors up to 100 kilowatts may be needed to support human habitats, ISRU, other facilities, and rovers on both the Moon and Mars. Power sources in the
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