Je veux savoir à propos de…

53508

Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 184 / Monday, September 27, 2021 / Rules and Regulations
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration 14 CFR Part 33
Docket No. FAA20200894; Special Conditions No. 33022SC

Special Conditions: magniX USA, Inc., magni350 and magni650 Model Engines; Electric Engine Airworthiness Standards Federal Aviation Administration FAA, DOT.
ACTION: Final special conditions.
AGENCY:

These special conditions are issued for the magniX USA, Inc., magniX, magni350 and magni650
model engines, which operate using electrical technology installed on the aircraft for use as an aircraft engine.
These engines have a novel or unusual design feature when compared to the state of technology envisioned in the airworthiness standards applicable to aircraft engines. This design feature is an electric motor, controller, and highvoltage systems as the primary source of propulsion for an aircraft. The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for this design feature.
These special conditions contain the additional safety standards that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness standards.
DATES: Effective October 27, 2021.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mark Bouyer, AIR624, Propulsion and Energy, Technical Innovation Policy Branch, Aircraft Certification Service, 1200 District Avenue, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803; telephone 781
2387755; mark.bouyer@faa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
SUMMARY:

Background On April 18, 2019,1 magniX applied for a type certificate for its magni350
and magni650 model electric engines.2
The FAA has not previously type certificated an engine that primarily uses electrical technology for propulsion of the aircraft. Electric propulsion technology is substantially
lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with RULES3

1 The
Notice of Proposed Special Conditions, published on November 19, 2020 85 FR 73644, inaccurately indicated June 4, 2019, as magniXs type certificate application date.
2 magniX submitted a comment which notified the FAA that the magniX engine model numbers were changed from magni250 and magni500 to magni350 and magni650, respectively. The model number change does not represent a change in the certification requirements of the engine.

VerDate Sep<11>2014

19:16 Sep 24, 2021

Jkt 253001

different from the technology used in previously certificated aircraft engines that operate using aviation fuel;
therefore, these engines introduce new safety concerns that need to be addressed in the certification basis.
As noted in the Notice of Proposed Special Conditions, the FAA used technical criteria from ASTM F333818, Standard Specification for Design of Electric Propulsion Units for General Aviation Aircraft,3 along with engine information from magniX and other information, to develop these special conditions. These special conditions establish a level of safety that is equivalent to the level of safety required by title 14, Code of Federal Regulations 14 CFR part 33.
Type Certification Basis Under the provisions of 14 CFR
21.17a1, generally, magniX must show that magni350 and magni650
model engines meet the applicable provisions of 14 CFR part 33 in effect on the date of application for a type certificate.
If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness regulations e.g., 14 CFR part 33 do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for the magni350 and magni650 model engines because of a novel or unusual design feature, special conditions may be prescribed under the provisions of 21.16.
Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which they are issued. Should the type certificate for that model be amended later to include any other engine model that incorporates the same novel or unusual design feature, these special conditions would also apply to the other engine model under 21.101. The FAA issues special conditions, as defined in 14 CFR
11.19, in accordance with 11.38, and they become part of the type certification basis under 21.17a2.
Novel or Unusual Design Feature The magni350 and magni650 model engines will incorporate the following novel or unusual design feature:
An electric motor, controller, and high-voltage systems is used as the primary source of propulsion for an aircraft.
Discussion 14 CFR Part 33 Developed for Aircraft Engines That Operate Using Aviation Fuel Aircraft engines make use of an energy source to drive mechanical 3 https www.astm.org/DATABASE.CART/
HISTORICAL/F3338-18.htm.

PO 00000

Frm 00002

Fmt 4701

Sfmt 4700

systems that provide propulsion for the aircraft. The turbine and reciprocating aircraft engines certified under part 33
use aviation fuel as an energy source.
The technology that the FAA
anticipated in the development of 14
CFR part 33 converts oxygen and fuel to generate energy through an internal combustion system, which generates heat and mass flow of combustion products for turning shafts attached to propulsion devices such as propellers and ducted fans. Part 33 regulations set forth standards for these engines and mitigate potential hazards resulting from failures and malfunctions. The nature, progression, and severity of engine failures are tied closely to the technology that engine manufacturers use in designing and manufacturing aircraft engines. These technologies involve chemical, thermal, and mechanical systems. Therefore, the existing engine regulations in 14 CFR
part 33 address certain chemical, thermal, and mechanically induced failures specific to air and fuel combustion systems operating with cyclically loaded high-speed, hightemperature, highly-stressed components.
magniXs Electric Engines Are Novel or Unusual The FAAs current airworthiness standards for aircraft engines, 14 CFR
part 33, date back to 1964.4 The FAA
based these airworthiness standards on aircraft engines that operate using aviation fuel; such engines have mechanical systems that provide propulsion for aircraft. However, the magniX magni350 and magni650 model engines have a novel or unusual design feature which uses an electrical energy source instead of aviation fuel to drive the mechanical systems. The electric engine is exposed to chemical, thermal, and mechanical operating conditions that are unlike those observed in internal-combustion systems. Therefore, 14 CFR part 33 does not contain adequate safety standards for the magniX magni350 and magni650 model engines novel or unusual design feature.
The two models of electric engine that have been proposed by magniX will use electrical power instead of air and fuel combustion to propel the aircraft. These electric engines will be designed, manufactured, and controlled differently than aircraft engines that operate using aviation fuel. They will be built with an electric motor, controller, and high-voltage systems that draw energy from electrical storage or 4 29

E:FRFM27SER3.SGM

FR 7452.

27SER3