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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 150 / Monday, August 9, 2021 / Proposed Rules assumed to be declining because of the continued decline of the tapaculos gallery-forest habitat. The species is currently known to occur in six protected areas and has been found on private land next to protected areas.
These protected areas are limited in extent and size, with few larger than 25,000 hectares ha 61,776 acres ac.
In the early 2000s, only 1.2 percent of the Cerrado was in protected areas;
however, more recent estimates are 6.5
percent.
The primary threat to the species is ongoing habitat loss and fragmentation.
The Cerrado is the largest, most diverse, and possibly most threatened tropical savanna in the world. Land in the Cerrado is currently being converted for intensive grazing and mechanized agriculture, including soybean and rice plantations. The tapaculos galleryforest habitat has been less affected by clearing for agriculture than the surrounding Cerrado. However, effects to gallery forest arise from wetland drainage and the diversion of water for irrigation and from annual burning of adjacent grasslands for agricultural space. Effects from climate change may also be negatively altering the Cerrado and the tapaculos specialized galleryforest habitat within the Cerrado by reducing the amount of available habitat for the species.
The IUCN recently changed the status of the species from near threatened to endangered, identifying the species small and fragmented range as justification for the change in status.
The Brazilian Red List assessed the species as endangered, noting severe fragmentation and continuing decline in area and quality of habitat. International trade is not a significant threat to the species, and the species is not included in the Appendices to CITES.
In the October 10, 2019, CNOR, we assigned the Braslia tapaculo an LPN of 8. After reevaluating the available information, we have determined that a change to an LPN of 2 is warranted at this time. The Braslia tapaculo does not represent a monotypic genus. Threats to the species are high in magnitude and are imminent. Habitat destruction and fragmentation and conversion of the Cerrado, mainly for agriculture and livestock, is ongoing and affects the small geographic range of the species.
The species only occurs in a handful of small protected areas, and even in these areas the species is reported as rare.
Therefore, an LPN of 2 is valid for this species to reflect imminent threats of high magnitude.

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Findings for Petitioned Candidate Species For all 19 candidates, we continue to find that listing is warranted but precluded as of the date of publication of this document. In the course of preparing proposed listing rules or notwarranted petition findings in the future, we continue to monitor new information about these species status so that we can make prompt use of our authority under section 4b7 of the Act in the case of an emergency posing a significant risk to any of these species.
Below are updated summaries for 18
petitioned candidates that we did not change the LPN, for which we published findings under section 4b3B of the Act. In accordance with section 4b3Ci, we treat any petitions for which we made warrantedbut-precluded 12-month findings within the past year as having been resubmitted on the date of the warranted-butprecluded finding. We are making continued warranted-but-precluded 12month findings on the petitions for these species.
Birds Sira Curassow The Sira curassow Pauxi koepckeae is a large game bird that is known only from the Cerros del Sira region of Peru.
Size and coloration are similar to the southern helmeted curassow, but their ranges are separated by approximately 2,000 kilometers 1,243 miles, and the Sira curassow has a shorter and rounder pale-blue casque a horn-like bony appendage above the bill that is flattened against the head.
The Sira curassow inhabits cloudforest habitat a type of rainforest that occurs on high mountains in the tropics at elevations from 1,1001,450 m 3,6094,757 ft and above.
Historical population data are lacking, but the population is currently estimated at fewer than 250 mature individuals and is declining. The primary cause of the decline is ongoing hunting by local indigenous communities. Additionally, the Sira curassows range within the Cerros del Sira region is limited 550 square kilometers 212 square miles and declining. Its habitat is being degraded by subsistence agriculture, forest clearing, road building, and associated rural development. Although the Sira curassow is legally protected in a large portion of its range in El Sira Communal Reserve, illegal hunting still occurs. A
majority of the deforestation occurs outside of the El Sira Communal Reserve.

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The species is classified as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. The species is not known to be in international trade, and the species is not included in the Appendices to CITES. The species is also not included in the European Union Wildlife Trade Regulations.
In the October 10, 2019, CNOR, the Sira curassow was assigned an LPN of 2. After reevaluating the threats to the species, we have determined that no change in the LPN is warranted. The Sira curassow does not represent a monotypic genus. It faces threats that are high in magnitude based on its very small estimated population and limited range. The few locations where it exists continue to face pressure from hunting and habitat loss. The best scientific and commercial data available indicate that the population decline will continue in the future. Because the species is experiencing significant population declines due to both hunting and habitat loss and degradation, we have made no change to the LPN of 2, which reflects imminent threats of high magnitude.
Southern Helmeted Curassow The southern helmeted curassow Pauxi unicornis is a game bird with a distinctive pale-blue, horn-like appendage or casque above its bill.
The southern helmeted curassow is known only from central Bolivia on the eastern slope of the Andes, where large portions of its habitat are in national parks. The species inhabits dense, humid, foothill and lower montane forest and adjacent evergreen forest at altitudes between 450 and 1,500 m 1,476 and 4,921 ft.
The total population of southern helmeted curassow is estimated to be between 1,500 and 7,500 individuals and is declining. Hunting the species is estimated to be the primary threat to the species, followed by habitat loss and degradation. Although the national parks have been important for the preservation of the species, financial and human resources needed to protect park resources are limited. Within the parks, there are human settlements and ongoing encroachment, including illegal logging operations and forest clearing for farming. Rural development and road building limit the species ability to disperse. Range reductions due to effects from climate change are also predicted for the southern helmeted curassow, when warming temperatures may cause the species to shift its distribution upslope and outside of protected national parks.
The southern helmeted curassow is classified as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Trade has not been
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