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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 148 / Thursday, August 5, 2021 / Rules and Regulations materials, equipment, and waste from the Willow Development to Fairbanks, Anchorage, Kuparuk, and Deadhorse. To support these operations, a 1,890-m 6,200-ft-long gravel airstrip would be developed and is expected to be located near the WOC. Aircraft flight paths would be directed to the north of Nuiqsut. The construction for the airstrip is expected to begin during the 2021 winter season and completed by the summer of 2022. Before its completion, ConocoPhillips would utilize the airstrip at the Colville Delta 1 at the Alpine CPF. After completion of the airstrip, helicopters would be used to support various projects within the Willow Development starting in 2023. An estimated 82 helicopter flights would occur annually during 2023
2026 between April and August. After the development of planned gravel roads and during activities such as drilling and related operations, helicopters would be limited to support environmental monitoring and spill response support. ConocoPhillips estimates that 50 helicopter trips to and from Alpine would occur in 2021, and 25 helicopter trips would occur from Alpine in 2022.
ConocoPhillips plans to develop and utilize ice roads to support gravel infrastructure and pipeline construction to access lakes and gravel sources and use separate ice roads for construction and general traffic due to safety considerations regarding traffic frequency and equipment size. The ice road used to travel to the Willow Development is estimated to be shorter in length than previously built ice roads at Kuparuk and Alpine, and ConocoPhillips expects the ice road use season at Willow to be approximately 90
days, from January 25 to April 25. In the winter ice road season February through April, material resupply and waste would be transported to Kuparuk and to the rest of the North Slope gravel road system via the annual Alpine Resupply Ice Road. Additionally, during drilling and operations, there would be seasonal ground access from Willow to Deadhorse and Kuparuk from the annually constructed Alpine Resupply Ice Road and then to the Alpine and GMT gravel roads.
Seasonal ice roads would be developed and used during construction at Willows gravel mine, bridge crossings, horizontal directional drilling crossing, and other locations as needed.
A 4-ha 10-ac multiseason ice pad would be developed and used throughout construction. This ice pad would be constructed near the WOC
from 2021 to 2022 and rotated on an annual basis.

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Pipelines for the Willow Development would be installed during the winter season from ice roads. Following VSMs and horizontal support members HSMs assembly and installation;
pipelines would be placed, welded, tested, and installed on pipe saddles on top of the HSMs. ConocoPhillips expects that the Colville River horizontal directional drilling pipeline crossing would be completed during the 2022 winter season. Pipeline installation would take approximately 1
to 3 years per pipeline, depending on several parameters such as pipeline length and location.
In 2024 at BT1, a drill rig would be mobilized, and drilling would begin prior to the WCF and drill site facilities being completed. ConocoPhillips estimates about 18 to 24 months of predrilling activities to occur, allowing the WCF to be commissioned immediately after its construction.
Wells would be drilled consecutively from BT1, BT3, and BT2; however, the timing and order is based upon drill rig availability and economic decisionmaking. A second drilling rig may be utilized during the drilling phase of the Willow Development as well. ConocoPhillips estimates that drilling would occur year-round through 2030, with approximately 20 to 30 days of drilling per well.
Post-drilling phase and WCF startup, standard production and operation activities would take place.
ConocoPhillips estimates that production would begin in the fourth quarter of 2025 with well maintenance operations occurring intermittently throughout the oilfields lifespan.
ConocoPhillips plans to develop several bridges, installed via in-water pile-driving at Judy Creek, Fish Creek, Judy Creek Kayyaaq, Willow Creek 2, and Willow Creek 4. Pilings would be located above the ordinary high-water level and consist of sheet pile abutments done in sets of four, positioned approximately 12.2 to 21.3 m 40 to 70
ft apart. Crossings over Willow Creek 4a and Willow Creek 8 would be constructed as single-span bridges, approximately 15.2 to 18.3 m 50 to 60
ft apart using sheet pile abutments.
Additionally, bridges would be constructed during the winter season from ice roads and pads. Screeding activities and marine traffic for the Willow project may also take place at the Oliktok Dock in the KRU.
Liberty Drilling and Production Island The Liberty reservoir is located in Federal waters in Foggy Island Bay about 13 km 8 mi east of the Endicott Satellite Drilling Island SDI. Hilcorp
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plans to build a gravel island situated over the reservoir with a full on-island processing facility similar to Northstar.
The Liberty pipeline includes an offshore segment that would be buried in the seafloor for approximately 9.7 km 6 mi, and an onshore, VSM-mounted segment extending from the shoreline approximately 3.2 km 2 mi to the Badami tie-in. Onshore infrastructure would include a gravel mine site, a 0.29ha 0.71-ac gravel pad at the Badami pipeline tie-in and a 6.1-ha 0.15-ac gravel pad to allow for winter season ice road crossing. Environmental, archeological, and geotechnical work activities would take place to support the development and help inform decisionmaking. Development of the Liberty Island would include impact driving for conductor pipes/foundation pipes, vibratory drilling for conductor pipes, and vibratory and impact driving for sheet pile.
Road vehicles would use the Alaska Highway System to transport material and equipment from supply points in Fairbanks, Anchorage, or outside of Alaska to the supply hub of Deadhorse.
Additionally, North Slope gravel roads would be used for transport from Deadhorse to the Endicott SDI. Existing gravel roads within the Endicott field between the MPI and the SDI would also be used to support the project.
During the winter seasons, workers would access the Liberty Island area from existing facilities via gravel roads and the ice road system. Construction vehicles would be staged at the construction sites, including the gravel mine. Access to the Liberty Drilling and Production Island LDPI by surface transportation is limited by periods when ice roads can be constructed and used. Additionally, surface transportation to the onshore pipeline can take place in winter on ice roads and can also occur in summer by approved tundra travel vehicles e.g., Rolligons. The highest volume of traffic would occur during gravel hauls to create the LDPI. Gravel hauling to the island would require approximately 14
trucks working for 76 days BOEM
2018. An estimated 21,400 surface vehicle trips would occur per season during island construction.
In general, ice roads would be used in the winter seasons, marine vessels would be used in the summer seasons, helicopters would be used across both seasons, and hovercraft if necessary would be used during the shoulder season when ice roads and open water are not available. By spring breakup, all materials needed to support the ongoing construction would have been transported over the ice road system.

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