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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 32 / Friday, February 19, 2021 / Notices Census Bureau, but generally are part of the urban landscape.

density block or blocks are not included in the urban area.

3. Inclusion of Noncontiguous Territory via Hops and Jumps
4. Inclusion of Noncontiguous Territory Separated by Exempted Territory The Census Bureau proposes to identify and exempt territory in which residential development is substantially constrained or not possible due to either topographical or land use conditions.7
Such exempted territory offsets urban development due to particular land use, land cover, or topographic conditions.
For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau proposes the following to be exempted territory:
Bodies of water; and Wetlands belonging to one of eight wetlands class definitions 8
Noncontiguous qualifying territory would be added to a core via a hop or jump when separated by exempted territory, provided that it meets the following criteria:
a. The road connection across the exempted territory located on both sides of the road is no greater than five miles, and b. The total length of the road connection between the initial urban area core and the noncontiguous territory, including the exempt distance and non-exempt hop or jump distances, is also no greater than five miles.
The intervening, low density block or blocks of water or wetlands are not included in the urban area.

Noncontiguous territory that meets the proposed housing density criteria specified in section B.1.a and b above, but is separated from an initial urban area core of 385 housing units or more, may be added via a hop along a road connection of no more than 0.5 miles.
Multiple hops may be made along a single road connection, thus accounting for the nature of contemporary urban development, which often encompasses alternating patterns of residential and non-residential uses.
After adding territory to an initial urban area core via hop connections, the Census Bureau will identify all urban area cores that have a housing unit count of 577 or more consistent with the requirement for at least 1,500 people in the 2010 criteria and add other qualifying territory via a jump connection.6 Jumps are used to connect densely settled noncontiguous territory separated from the urban area core by territory with low housing unit density measuring greater than 0.5 and no more than 1.5 road miles across. This process recognizes the existence of larger areas of non-residential uses or other territory with low housing unit density that do not provide a substantial barrier to interaction between outlying territory with high housing unit density and the urban area core. Because it is possible that any given densely developed area could qualify for inclusion in multiple cores via a jump connection, the identification of jumps in an automated process starts with the initial urban area core that has the largest total population and continues in descending order based on the total population of each initial urban area core. Only one jump is permitted along any given road connection. This limitation, which has been in place since the inception of the urban area delineation process for the 1950 Census, prevents the artificial extension of urban areas over large distances that result in the inclusion of communities that are not commonly perceived as connected to the particular initial urban area core. Exempted territory is not taken into account when measuring road distances across hop and jump corridors. In the case of both hops and jumps, the intervening, low 6 All initial urban area cores with less than 4,000
housing units or 10,000 persons are not selected to continue the delineation as separate urban areas;
however, these cores still are eligible for inclusion in an urban area using subsequent proposed criteria and procedures.

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5. Inclusion of Enclaves The Census Bureau will add enclaves that is, nonqualifying area completely surrounded by area already qualified for inclusion as urban within the urban area, provided that they are surrounded only by land area that qualified for inclusion in the urban area based on housing unit density criteria, and at least one of the following conditions is met:
a. The area of the enclave must be less than five square miles.
b. All area of the enclave is surrounded by territory that qualified for inclusion in the initial urban area core and is more than a straight-line distance of 1.5 miles from a land block that is not part of the urban area.
7 The land cover and land use types used to define exempted territory are limited to only those that are included in or can be derived from the Census Bureaus MTDB or the MRLCs most recent version of the NLCD nationally, consistently, and with some reasonable level of accuracy.
8 For the MRLCs 2016 NLCD, wetlands are identified as belonging to one of eight wetlands class definitions including woody, palustrine forested, palustrine scrub/shrub, estuarine forested, estuarine scrub/shrub, emergent herbaceous, palustrine emergent persistent, or estuarine emergent.

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Additional enclaves will be identified and included within the urban area if:
a. The area of the enclave is less than five square miles, b. The enclave is surrounded by both land that qualified for inclusion in the urban area and water, and c. The length of the line of adjacency with the water is less than the length of the line of adjacency with the land.
6. Inclusion of Airports After all territory has been added to the urban area core via hop and jump connections, and enclaves, the Census Bureau will then add whole census blocks that approximate the territory of airports, provided at least one of the blocks that represent the airport is within a distance of 0.5 miles of the edge of qualifying urban territory. An airport qualifies for inclusion if it is currently functional and one of the following criteria per the Federal Aviation Administrations FAA Air Carrier Activity Information System 9
applies:
a. It is a qualified cargo airport.
b. It has an annual passenger enplanement of at least 2,500 in any year between 2011 and 2019.
7. Additional Nonresidential Urban Territory The Census Bureau will identify additional nonresidential urban-related territory that is noncontiguous, yet near the urban area. The Census Bureau recognizes the existence of large commercial and/or industrial land uses that are separated from an urban area by a relatively thin green buffer, small amount of undeveloped territory, and/or a narrow census block required for tabulation such as a water feature, offset boundary, road median, or area between a road and rail feature. The Census Bureau will review all groups of census blocks whose members qualify as urban via the impervious surface criteria set forth in Section 1.b, have a total area of at least 0.15 square miles,10
and are within 0.25 miles of an urban area. A final review of these census blocks and surrounding territory 11 will 9 The annual passenger boarding data only includes primary, non-primary commercial service, and general aviation enplanements as defined and reported by the FAA Air Carrier Activity Information System.
10 The Census Bureau found in testing that individual or groups of census blocks with a high degree of impervious surface land cover with an area less than 0.15 square miles tend to be more associated with road infrastructure features such as cloverleaf overpasses and multilane highways.
11 Additional census blocks within eighty feet of the initial groups also qualifying as impervious, but failing the shape index, are also identified for review.

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