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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 24 / Monday, February 8, 2021 / Notices
EPAs light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas emissions standards. Off-cycle emission reductions can be achieved by employing technologies that result in real-world benefits, but where that benefit is not adequately or entirely captured on the test procedures used by manufacturers to demonstrate compliance with emission standards.
EPAs light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas program acknowledges these benefits by giving automobile manufacturers several options for generating off-cycle carbon dioxide CO2 credits. Under the regulations, a manufacturer may apply for CO2 credits for technologies that result in off-cycle benefits. In these cases, a manufacturer must provide EPA
with a proposed methodology for determining the real-world off-cycle benefit. Nissan has submitted applications that describe methodologies for determining off-cycle credits from low-power-consumption compressor clutch technology. The application for compressor clutch technology includes test data to establish the 0.3 grams CO2/mile credit value compared to the industry standard clutch with similar performance characteristics circa 2012. Nissans application is limited to 2017 and later model year vehicles. Pursuant to applicable regulations, EPA is making descriptions of the manufacturers offcycle credit calculation methodologies available for public comment.
DATES: Comments must be received on or before March 10, 2021.
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments referencing Docket ID No. EPAHQ
OAR20190588, to the Federal eRulemaking Portal: http
www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions for submitting comments.
Once submitted, comments cannot be edited or withdrawn. The EPA may publish any comment received to its public docket. Do not submit electronically any information you consider to be Confidential Business Information CBI or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
Multimedia submissions audio, video, etc. must be accompanied by a written comment. The written comment is considered the official comment and should include discussion of all points you wish to make. The EPA will generally not consider comments or comment contents located outside of the primary submission i.e., on the web, cloud, or other file sharing system. For additional submission methods, the full EPA public comment policy, information about CBI or multimedia submissions, and general guidance on making effective comments, please visit
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http www2.epa.gov/dockets/
commenting-epa-dockets.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

David Wright, Environmental Protection Specialist, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Compliance Division, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 2000
Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI
48105. Telephone: 734 2144467. Fax:
734 2144869. Email address:
wright.davida@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background EPAs light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas GHG program provides three pathways by which a manufacturer may accrue off-cycle carbon dioxide CO2
credits for those technologies that achieve CO2 reductions in the real world but where those reductions are not adequately or entirely captured on the test used to determine compliance with the CO2 standards, and which are not otherwise reflected in the standards stringency. The first pathway is a predetermined list of credit values for specific off-cycle technologies that may be used beginning in model year 2014.1
This pathway allows manufacturers to use conservative credit values established by EPA for a wide range of technologies, with minimal data submittal or testing requirements. In cases where additional laboratory testing can demonstrate emission benefits, a second pathway allows manufacturers to use a broader array of emission tests known as 5-cycle testing because the methodology uses five different testing procedures to demonstrate and justify off-cycle CO2
credits.2 The additional emission tests allow emission benefits to be demonstrated over some elements of real-world driving not captured by the GHG compliance tests, including high speeds, hard accelerations, and cold temperatures. Credits determined according to either of these methodologies do not undergo additional public review. The third and last pathway allows manufacturers to seek EPA approval to use an alternative methodology for determining the offcycle CO2 credits.3 This option is only available if the benefit of the technology cannot be adequately demonstrated using the 5-cycle methodology.
Manufacturers may also use this option for model years prior to 2014 to demonstrate off-cycle CO2 reductions for technologies that are on the predetermined list, or to demonstrate 1 See
40 CFR 86.186912b.
40 CFR 86.186912c.
3 See 40 CFR 86.186912d.

reductions that exceed those available via use of the predetermined list.
Under the regulations, a manufacturer seeking to demonstrate off-cycle credits with an alternative methodology i.e., under the third pathway described above must describe a methodology that meets the following criteria:
Use modeling, on-road testing, onroad data collection, or other approved analytical or engineering methods;
Be robust, verifiable, and capable of demonstrating the real-world emissions benefit with strong statistical significance;
Result in a demonstration of baseline and controlled emissions over a wide range of driving conditions and number of vehicles such that issues of data uncertainty are minimized;
Result in data on a model type basis unless the manufacturer demonstrates that another basis is appropriate and adequate.
Further, the regulations specify the following requirements regarding an application for off-cycle CO2 credits:
A manufacturer requesting off-cycle credits must develop a methodology for demonstrating and determining the benefit of the off-cycle technology, and carry out any necessary testing and analysis required to support that methodology.
A manufacturer requesting off-cycle credits must conduct testing and/or prepare engineering analyses that demonstrate the in-use durability of the technology for the full useful life of the vehicle.
The application must contain a detailed description of the off-cycle technology and how it functions to reduce CO2 emissions under conditions not represented on the compliance tests.
The application must contain a list of the vehicle models which will be equipped with the technology.
The application must contain a detailed description of the test vehicles selected and an engineering analysis that supports the selection of those vehicles for testing.
The application must contain all testing and/or simulation data required under the regulations, plus any other data the manufacturer has considered in the analysis.
Finally, the alternative methodology must be approved by EPA prior to the manufacturer using it to generate credits. As part of the review process defined by regulation, the alternative methodology submitted to EPA for consideration must be made available for public comment.4 EPA will consider public comments as part of its final
2 See
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4 See
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