Quiero saber acerca de...

43482

Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 150 / Monday, August 9, 2021 / Proposed Rules
noted internationally, and the species is not included in the Appendices to CITES. In 1997, the species was listed in Annex B of the European Union Wildlife Trade Regulations as part of a genus-level listing of all species in the genus Pauxi. The European Union Wildlife Trade Regulations are directly applicable in all European Union Member States; species listed on Annex B require a permit for import. In 2008, the species was moved from Annex B to Annex D a lower level of protection because it was one of the species that are not subject to levels of international trade that might be incompatible with their survival, but warrant monitoring of trade levels. The species continues to be listed on Annex D; species listed on Annex D require an import notification form completed by the importer for import.
In the October 10, 2019, CNOR, the southern helmeted curassow was assigned an LPN of 2. After reevaluating the threats to the species, we have determined that no change in the LPN
is warranted because the threats are of high magnitude and are imminent. The southern helmeted curassow does not represent a monotypic genus. It faces threats that are high in magnitude based on its small, limited range. The few locations where it exists continue to face pressure from hunting and from habitat loss and destruction, and the population will likely continue to decline. Because the species is experiencing ongoing population declines and habitat loss, an LPN of 2
remains valid for this species, which reflects imminent threats of high magnitude.

lotter on DSK11XQN23PROD with PROPOSALS1

Lord Howe Island Pied Currawong Lord Howe Island pied currawong Strepera graculina crissalis is a fairly large, crow-like bird, endemic to Lord Howe Island, New South Wales, Australia. Lord Howe Island is a small island northeast of Sydney, Australia, with 28 smaller islets and rocks. The Lord Howe Island pied currawong occurs throughout the island but is most numerous in the mountainous areas on the southern end. It has also been recorded to a limited extent on the Admiralty Islands, located 1 kilometer 0.6 mile north of Lord Howe Island.
The Lord Howe Island pied currawong breeds in rainforests and palm forests, particularly along streams.
Approximately 75 percent of Lord Howe Island, plus all outlying islets and rocks within the Lord Howe Island group, is protected under the Permanent Park Preserve, which has similar status to that of a national park.

VerDate Sep<11>2014

16:39 Aug 06, 2021

Jkt 253001

The best current population estimate indicates that there are approximately 200 individuals. Researchers have determined that most, if not all, available habitat on Lord Howe Island is occupied based on the estimate of 200
individuals and estimates of the extent of available breeding habitat.
The potential for the introduction of other nonnative rodents to this island ecosystem has also been identified as an issue for this subspecies, although the subspecies has persisted among invasive black rats. Because the Lord Howe Island pied currawong often preys on small rodents, it may be subject to nontarget poisoning during ongoing ratbaiting programs. In June 2019, the Lord Howe Island Rodent Eradication Project began by placing poison bait traps around the island. To ensure the currawongs safety, project evaluators determined that approximately 5060
percent of the wild population would need to be held in captive management during the eradication effort. The subspecies is known to sometimes eat rodents and feed them to their offspring.
It is unlikely currawong targets the poison bait directly. A study is underway focusing on the effects of this project. In addition to its small population size, direct persecution via shootings by humans in retaliation for predation on domestic and endemic birds has been documented. The incidence of shootings has declined since the 1970s, when conservation efforts on Lord Howe Island began, but occasional shootings were still occurring as recently as 2006. Another potential threat to the currawong is rising global temperatures associated with climate change that may affect the cloud layer on the islands mountaintopsresulting in drying of the forest where the currawong gets about half of its food, possibly creating a food shortage for the subspecies.
The New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act of 1995 lists the Lord Howe Island pied currawong as vulnerable due to its extremely limited range and its small population size, as does Australias Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act List of Threatened Fauna. The subspecies is not listed on the IUCN Red List, is not included in the Appendices to CITES, and this subspecies is not known to be in international trade.
In the October 10, 2019, CNOR, the Lord Howe Island pied currawong was assigned an LPN of 6. After reevaluating the threats to the Lord Howe Island pied currawong, we have determined that no change in the LPN for the subspecies is warranted. The Lord Howe Island pied currawong does not represent a
PO 00000

Frm 00054

Fmt 4702

Sfmt 4702

monotypic genus or a full species. It faces threats that are high in magnitude due to a combination of factors including its small population size and risks from nontarget poisoning from rodent control. Aspects of the rodenteradication program carry some risk, such as those associated with trapping and holding the birds, and the effects of a missed breeding cycle. If the rodenteradication program is successful, effects from nontarget poisoning and any predation by rodents on currawong eggs will cease to be stressors for the currawong. However, because significant conservation efforts for the currawong have been implemented, and the subspecies is being closely managed and monitored, we find that the threats are nonimminent. Therefore, based on the best information available, an LPN
of 6 remains valid to reflect nonimminent threats of high magnitude.
Chatham Oystercatcher Chatham oystercatcher Haematopus chathamensis is the rarest oystercatcher in the world, with a recent population estimate of 300 to 320
individuals. It is native to the Chatham Island group located 860 kilometers 534 miles east of mainland New Zealand. The species breeds along the coastline of four islands in the chain:
Chatham, Pitt, South East, and Mangere.
The Chatham oystercatcher is found mainly along rocky shores, including wide volcanic rock platforms and occasionally on sandy or gravelly beaches.
Predation of eggs and chicks, and to a lesser extent of adults, is thought to be the main threat to the Chatham oystercatcher population. Although the Mangere and South East nature reserves are free of all mammalian predators, nonnative mammalian predators inhabit Chatham and Pitt Islands. Feral cats are the most common predator of eggs.
Other documented predators include gulls Larus spp., the native brown skua Catharacta antarctica, weka Gallirallus australis hectori, and domestic dogs. Nest destruction and disturbance by humans and livestock are also noted threats. Habitat loss and degradation has occurred from introductions of nonnative marram grass Ammophila arenaria in the early 1900s to revegetate destabilized dunes.
The dense marram grass is unsuitable for Chatham oystercatcher nesting.
Consequently, the Chatham oystercatcher is forced to nest closer to shore, where nests are vulnerable to tides and storm surges; up to 50 percent of eggs are lost in some years. Rising sea levels associated with climate change will likely affect future nesting success.

E:FRFM09AUP1.SGM

09AUP1