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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 213 / Monday, November 8, 2021 / Notices
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Figure 28: Change in U.S. Automobile Parts Manufacturing Employment 160

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Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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The loss of manufacturing jobs parallels the rate of closure of U.S.
automobile manufacturing plants, in particular American-owned manufacturing plants.228 In 1985, American-owned producers operated 62
assembly plants in the United States and produced 97 percent of the 11.4
million passenger vehicles and light trucks produced in the United States.229
By 2000, American-owned producers were operating only 44 plants and their share of U.S. production had dropped from 97 percent to 67 percent.230
Finally, by 2017, American-owned producers were operating only 24
assembly plants in the United States and producing only 42 percent of total U.S. production, notwithstanding the fact that overall demand for automobiles in the United States increased by 11
percent during the 1985 to 2017
period.231 Moreover, GM recently announced its intent to close five additional plants and lay off 228 U.S. automotive employmentand consequently job losseshas been spread across the United States. While Michigan continues to have the largest share at 172,000 workers, many other states are significant employers as well. Indiana currently employs 111,500 automotive workers, Ohio employs 95,300 workers, Kentucky employs 60,500 workers, and Alabama employs 38,300
workers, along with smaller employment in California, Missouri, Texas, New York, and Mississippi. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Total Employment for Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Parts, supra.
229 Wards Intelligence InfoBank.
230 Id.
231 Id.

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approximately 15,000 workers in 2019.232 In January 2019, Tesla announced a planned seven percent contraction of its workforce.233 By contrast, foreign-owned automobile manufacturers in the United States EU, Japanese and South Korean manufacturers, have expanded operations over the past three decades and increased the number of facilities operating in the United States from 3
facilities in 1985 to 22 in 2017.234 As noted above, their expansion in the U.S.
market has come at the expense of American-owned producers, who as detailed in Appendix F do not have the same market access in the EU, Japan and South Korea as their foreign counterparts do in the United States.
With the ongoing contraction of automobile and automobile parts production in the United States and resulting plant closures by Americanowned firms, employment in the U.S.
automotive manufacturing industry will shrink further. As noted, todays production of automobiles and automobile parts is a complex and technical process that demands a trained, skilled workforce that in many cases requires a decade or more of experience. Given that the United States needs to rely on American-owned 232 Eric Morath, GM Closings a Fresh Sign of Worry for Economy, Wall Street Journal, Nov. 26, 2018, https www.wsj.com/articles/gm-closings-afresh-sign-of-worry-for-economy-1543271097.
233 Tesla, Company Update, January 18, 2019, https www.tesla.com/blog/tesla-company-update.
234 Wards Intelligence InfoBank.

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facilities to develop cutting-edge technologies with national defense capabilities, it is imperative that a robust and skilled workforce is available to manufacture and operate those technologies. For this reason, the loss of skilled workers at American-owned plants is detrimental to Americas manufacturing and innovation capabilities, and consequently Americas ability to develop new and emerging technologies for military applications.
VII. Conclusion Based on the findings in this report, the Secretary concludes that the present quantities and circumstances of imports of automobiles and certain automobile parts, specifically engines and engine parts, transmissions and powertrain parts, and electrical components as defined in Section VIII, are weakening our internal economy and threaten to impair national security as set forth in Section 232.
As discussed throughout this report, the negative impact of imports and the resulting displacement of production by American-owned automobile and automobile parts manufacturers are significant, and are increasing given that the U.S. automobile market is experiencing a decline in demand. A
decline in demand is expected in the next several years due to a number of factors that impact the normal sales cycle, and many indicators point to market saturation. For example, the ratio of automobiles to households is
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