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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 213 / Monday, November 8, 2021 / Notices
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Allison, L3, and SAPA 150 to provide steering transmissions to support the next generation Bradley Fighting Vehicle.151 The goal of the Advanced Powertrain Initiative is to test the performance of a 32-speed transmission.
Although defense is the dominant market for these steering transmissions, the next generation transmission depends on innovation developed in standard transmissions and steering transmissions used in the commercial sector. Many suppliers supporting defense applications in this segment participate in commercial activity, including:
First tier suppliers: Allison, L3, Twin Disc, General Engine Products Sub-tier commercial suppliers for transmissions and transmission components: ZF Friedrichshafen AG, Valeo SA, BorgWarner, Inc., GKN
Driveline, JATCO, Linamar Corp., Schaeffler Group USA Inc., Brose North America, Inc., Powertech America, Inc., NSK Americas, Johnson Electrics The supplier is a U.S. affiliate of a foreign-owned parent.
Similarly, electrical equipment is critical for military vehicles. There is a large overlap in the commercial automobile control/electronics systems and the connectivity systems that are being incorporated into military vehicles. Network technology is now embedded in every new civilian vehicle, and military vehicles are increasingly becoming more network intensive.
Military vehicles now routinely utilize the Controller Area Network CAN
technology developed for the commercial vehicle world, which allows remote monitoring of the vehicles performance and need for maintenance. Military vehicles are also connected to operational or mission networks that link vehicle computers, data links, radios, vision, and navigation systems directly involved in missions.
These networks are similar in nature to advanced connected networks that are now routinely available in new passenger cars and trucks.152
150 Allison, L3, and SAPA are leading global suppliers of transmissions, other automobile parts and defense technologies.
151 Ashley Tressel, Race to replace Bradley transmissions stirs up defense industrial base issues, Inside Defense, June 22, 2018, https inside defense.com/share/196943. A foreign-owned supplier won this competition, indicating the needs to better support the competitiveness of Americanowned manufacturers.
152 Richard Wilson, Military Vehicles in High Speed Data Connection, ElectronicsWeekly.com, May 21, 2013, https www.electronicsweekly.com/
market-sectors/military-aerospace-electronics/
military-vehicles-in-high-speed-data-connection2013-05/.

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Further, semiconductors are vital to U.S. national security as they power many of the high-tech systems used by the U.S. military,153 including field communications, transportation systems, and various weapon systems and platforms.154 Specific and unique U.S. military semiconductor requirements include radiationhardened semiconductors for satellites and space operations, high performance converters for radio frequency communication systems, special processors for radar systems, and advanced imagers.155 As with the transmission sector, there are many suppliers that overlap with the commercial sector, including:
First tier suppliers: Harris, Telephonics Corporation, DRS, Rockwell Collins.
General suppliers of semiconductors: Intel, Micron, Qualcomm, AMD, Applied Materials, Cadence, Synopsys.156
Sub-tier commercial suppliers for communication systems/components to North America: Denso International America Inc.
153 Michaela D. Platzer and John F. Sargent Jr., U.S. Semiconductor Manufacturing: Industry Trends, Global Competition, Federal Policy, Congressional research Service, Jun. 27, 2016, https fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44544.pdf at 21; Brig.
Gen. John Adams, Americas Semiconductors Supply Chain Faces Big Cybersecurity Risks, Alliance for American Manufacturing Blog, Mar. 23, 2017, http www.americanmanufacturing.org/blog/
entry/americas-semiconductors-supply-chain-facesbig-cybersecurity-risks. See also Falan Yinug, How U.S. Semiconductor Technology Strengthens Our Military on the Battlefield, Semiconductor Industry Association Blog, Jan. 26, 2016, http
blog.semiconductors.org/blog/how-ussemiconductor-technology-strengthens-our-militaryon-the-battlefield.
154 Dave Chesebrough, Trusted Microelectronics:
A Critical Defense Need, National Defense, Oct. 31, 2017, http www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/
articles/2017/10/31/trusted-microelectronics-acritical-defense-need.
155 For example, semiconductors are key to the land-based weapons system that the United States uses to defend airspace against aircraft, cruise missiles, drones, and ballistic missiles. Joe Pappalardo, How Patriot Missiles Will Stay a Step Ahead of the Enemy, Popular Mechanics, Aug. 27, 2015, https www.popularmechanics.com/military/
research/a17100/patriot-missiles-radar-galliumnitride/; NDIA Trusted Microelectronics Joint Working Group, Future Needs & System Impact of Microelectronics Technologies, Jul. 2017, https
www.intrinsix.com/hubfs/Premium_Content/
trusted-asic-design/Future_Needs_and_System_
Impact_of_Microelectronics_Technologies.pdf.
156 Electronic systems for automotive purposes account for 9 percent of total global electronic system production 2017 estimate, after communications, computer, industrial/medical/
other, and consumer purposes. This is significant for semiconductor suppliers, as their products are required for many of these automotive systems.
Automotive Electronic Systems Growth Strongest Through 2021, IC Insights, Nov. 8, 2017, http
www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/AutomotiveElectronic-Systems-Growth-Strongest-Through2021/.

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Sub-tier commercial suppliers for navigation system/components to North America: Panasonic Automotive Systems Co. of America, Mitsubishi Electric Automotive America Inc., Alpine Electronics of America Inc., Pioneer Automotive Technologies Inc.
Sub-tier commercial suppliers for sensors to North America: Panasonic Automotive Systems Co. of America, Valeo Inc., Flex Ltd., Infineon Technologies North America Corp., Stoneridge Inc.
Sub-tier commercial suppliers for electronics to North America:
Continental Automotive Systems U.S.
Inc. safety and powertrain, Robert Bosch electrical devices, electronics &
steering systems, Aisin World Corp. of America electronics, Hyundai Mobis electronics, Autoliv North America safety electronics, Sumitomo Electric Wiring Systems Inc. electronics systems, Yanfeng Automotive Interiors electronics, Brose North America Inc. electronics, Magneti Marelli Holding USA electronics, Eberspaecher North America Inc.
electronics.
The supplier is a U.S. affiliate of a foreign-owned parent.
In addition to providing unique product development and performance enhancements for key products such as engines, transmissions and electrical components, the U.S. defense sector relies on the automotive industry more broadly. The automotive sector provides unique innovation to the defense sector in various areas, including manufacturing processes, R&D, and use of new materials.
Importantly, the defense industrial base is also dependent on the commercial scale of the automotive sector for critical commodities and capabilities.157 Yet, the continued offshoring of key automotive manufacturing and resulting loss of scale to support U.S. operations leaves the military at risk of not having supply chains in the United States for critical equipment. Additionally, the military relies not only on technology and innovations from the U.S. automobile industry, but also on the technical skills and know-how of its workforce as the commercial sector is a key recruiting ground for defense industry manufacturers.158
The broad-scale overlap between commercial and defense R&D activities underscores the interdependence between the commercial automobile industry and the military sector:
157 The Department of Commerces consultations with Department of Defense.
158 Id.

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