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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 166 / Tuesday, August 31, 2021 / Rules and Regulations
not need to evaluate the other question for that portion of the species range.
Following the courts holding in Center for Biological Diversity, we now consider whether there are any significant portions of the species range where the species is in danger of extinction now i.e., endangered. In undertaking this analysis for Bartrams stonecrop, we choose to address the status question firstwe consider information pertaining to the geographic distribution of both the species and the threats that the species faces to identify any portions of the range where the species is endangered.
For Bartrams stonecrop, we considered whether the threats are geographically concentrated in any portion of the species range at a biologically meaningful scale. We examined the following primary threats to the species: Reduction in water availability; altered fire regime; effects of climate change; and erosion, sedimentation, and burial. Loss due to trampling, collection, herbivory, severe frost, or other stressors also have the potential to impact individual Bartrams stonecrop plants. The effects of these threats are exacerbated in small populations. Altered precipitation, drought, flooding, and freezing regimes from current and future climate change are issues for all Bartrams stonecrop populations. Synergistic interactions among wildfire, nonnative grasses, decreased precipitation, and increased temperatures cumulatively and cyclically impact all Bartrams stonecrop populations. Some populations are expected to be affected by threats due to varying causes. For example, a higher risk of fires as a result of cross-border human activity is expected in the Baboquivari, Chiricahua, Mule, Pajarito-Atascosa, Santa Rita, Patagonia, and Whetstone mountains, while a higher risk of fires as a result of recreationists is expected in the Chiricahua, Dragoon, PajaritoAtascosa, Patagonia, Rincon, and Santa Rita mountains. We found no concentration of threats in any portion of Bartrams stonecrops range at a biologically meaningful scale. Thus, there are no portions of the species range where the species has a different status from its rangewide status.
Therefore, no portion of the species range provides a basis for determining that the species is in danger of extinction in a significant portion of its range, and we determine that the species is likely to become in danger of extinction within the foreseeable future throughout all of its range. This is consistent with the courts holdings in Desert Survivors v. Department of the
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Interior, No. 16cv01165JCS, 2018
WL 4053447 N.D. Cal. Aug. 24, 2018, and Center for Biological Diversity v.
Jewell, 248 F. Supp. 3d, 946, 959 D.
Ariz. 2017.
Determination of Status Our review of the best available scientific and commercial information indicates that Bartrams stonecrop meets the Acts definition of a threatened species. Therefore, we are listing Bartrams stonecrop as a threatened species in accordance with sections 320 and 4a1 of the Act.
Available Conservation Measures Conservation measures provided to species listed as endangered or threatened species under the Act include recognition, recovery actions, requirements for Federal protection, and prohibitions against certain practices.
Recognition through listing results in public awareness, and conservation by Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies; private organizations; and individuals. The Act encourages cooperation with the States and other countries and calls for recovery actions to be carried out for listed species. The protection required by Federal agencies and the prohibitions against certain activities are discussed, in part, below.
The primary purpose of the Act is the conservation of endangered and threatened species and the ecosystems upon which they depend. The ultimate goal of such conservation efforts is the recovery of these listed species, so that they no longer need the protective measures of the Act. Section 4f of the Act calls for the Service to develop and implement recovery plans for the conservation of endangered and threatened species. The recovery planning process involves the identification of actions that are necessary to halt or reverse the species decline by addressing the stressors to its survival and recovery. The goal of this process is to restore listed species to a point where they are secure, selfsustaining, and functioning components of their ecosystems.
Recovery planning consists of preparing draft and final recovery plans, beginning with the development of a recovery outline and making it available to the public within 30 days of a final listing determination. The recovery outline guides the immediate implementation of urgent recovery actions and describes the process to be used to develop a recovery plan.
Revisions of the plan may be done to address continuing or new stressors to the species, as new substantive information becomes available. The
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recovery plan also identifies recovery criteria for review of when a species may be ready for reclassification from endangered to threatened downlisting or removal from protected status delisting, and methods for monitoring recovery progress. Recovery plans also establish a framework for agencies to coordinate their recovery efforts and provide estimates of the cost of implementing recovery tasks. Recovery teams composed of species experts, Federal and State agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and stakeholders are often established to develop recovery plans. When completed, the recovery outline, draft recovery plan, and the final recovery plan will be available on our website http www.fws.gov/
endangered, or from our Arizona Ecological Services Field Office see FOR
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
Implementation of recovery actions generally requires the participation of a broad range of partners, including other Federal agencies, States, Tribes, nongovernmental organizations, businesses, and private landowners.
Examples of recovery actions include habitat restoration of native vegetation, research, captive propagation and reintroduction, and outreach and education. The recovery of many listed species cannot be accomplished solely on Federal lands because their range may occur primarily or solely on nonFederal lands. To achieve recovery of these species requires cooperative conservation efforts on private, State, and Tribal lands.
Following publication of this final rule, funding for recovery actions will be available from a variety of sources, including Federal budgets, State programs, and cost share grants for nonFederal landowners, the academic community, and nongovernmental organizations. In addition, pursuant to section 6 of the Act, the State of Arizona will be eligible for Federal funds to implement management actions that promote the protection or recovery of Bartrams stonecrop. Information on our grant programs that are available to aid species recovery can be found at http
www.fws.gov/grants.
Section 8a of the Act 16 U.S.C.
1537a authorizes the provision of limited financial assistance for the development and management of programs that the Secretary of the Interior determines to be necessary or useful for the conservation of endangered or threatened species in foreign countries. Sections 8b and 8c of the Act 16 U.S.C. 1537b and c authorize the Secretary to encourage conservation programs for foreign listed
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