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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 158 / Thursday, August 19, 2021 / Proposed Rules
band to permit limited mobile radar operations and to extend the use of fixed field disturbance sensors to the 6471 GHz band. At that time, the Commission recognized that wireless innovation included the development of gesture-recognition technology using short-range radars that would allow users to interact with devices without needing to touch them. It thus decided to permit SRIMS radars while also noting that the record before it was insufficient to allow for the unfettered operation of mobile radars in the band.
Specifically, the Commissions decision permitted the narrow application of mobile radars for short-range interactive motion sensing at reduced power levels to ensure that they would successfully co-exist with co-channel communications devices already permitted to operate in the band. While the Commission did not adopt a specific definition for SRIMS, in permitting narrow use of short-range mobile radars it discussed the work of Google LLC
Google in developing its Soli sensor technology, which envisioned that smartphones and other personal devices would be able to sense hand gestures when a user is located at a very short distance from the device to perform functions such as controlling web pages or answering phone calls. Furthermore, while the Commission specifically rejected comments calling on it to completely eliminate restrictions on FDS use, it also stated that it might consider allowing higher power levels in the future after it had acquired more experience with the devices it was permitting at that time.
Since the 2016 decision, there has been continued interest in developing mobile radar applications that use the 60 GHz band. To date, the Commissions Office of Engineering and Technology OET has granted focused waivers of the rules to support discrete applications. First, Google requested a waiver of the emission limits to allow Soli radar devices to operate at a higher output power level than what had been authorized in the rulemaking, arguing that it had determined that higher power levels were necessary for the radar sensor to provide sufficient resolution to engage in effective interactions. In its 2018 order granting that waiver, which was limited to use of the specific Soli sensor described in Googles request, OET found that allowing Google Soli sensors to operate at the requested power levels would not materially change the operating environment in the 5764 GHz band from the perspective of the other users in the band. Specifically, it determined
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that the higher-power Google Soli device would be able to cooperatively share this spectrum with all users. The waiver permitted Google to deploy its Soli sensor technology at 10 dBm peak transmitter conducted output power, 13
dBm peak EIRP level, and 13 dBm/MHz power spectral density, with a maximum 10% duty cycle in any 33
milliseconds ms interval. This represented a lesser peak power limit than Google had originally sought, as it had revised its request following discussions with other parties who had interests in using the band for unlicensed operations, such as Facebook, in an effort to facilitate coexistence between unlicensed users in the band.
Recently, OET granted waivers to several parties to permit the operation of vehicle cabin-mounted radars as well as health-care related and other applications in the 5764 GHz range at the same power levels as those granted to Google in 2018. These narrowly tailored waivers support an especially compelling public interestusing radar technology to monitor for children left in dangerous, hot cars and to trigger alerts that could save lives. While radars operating under these waivers must be installed within the vehicle cabin and have the primary function of preventing children from inadvertently being left unattended in rear car seats, they are also expected to provide additional passenger safety and theft prevention benefits. In addition, OET granted a waiver to Leica Geosystems AG in July 2020 that allows a limited number of radars to operate in the 6064 GHz band on specialized unmanned aircraft for the specific purpose of avoiding collisions with structures, supporting wires, or other fixed objects during the visual inspection of structures.
Applications such as the use of incabin automotive radars represent one of the many uses that parties have identified as being well suited for development in the 5771 GHz band if the 15.255 rules were amended to permit expanded mobile radar use. The Commission has received additional waiver requests asking for permission, for example, to install a radar on the exterior of a vehicle to enable closure of a door by the detection of foot movement or hand gestures; to operate 60 GHz radars in robotic lawn mowers, or in personal safety wall-mount devices to detect changes in a persons gait or a fall, and in 3D imaging equipment in healthcare environments. In general, these requests have been consistent with the same technical parameters as the waiver granted to Google and are represented to occupy the same
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spectrum footprint as the Soli device.
The increased interest in use of the band and accompanying breadth of potential applications that parties have identified is a relatively recent development, attributable at least in part, the Commission believes, to the availability of mass-produced chipsets that are capable of operating in the band, as well as the prospect of marketing and operating these mobile radar devices on a broad international scale.
To that end, the Commission notes that operation at higher power than specified in the Commissions rules has been allowed in Europe under general rules for short-range devices. A
European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI standard, which has been in effect since 2014, permits short-range devices to operate in a portion of the 5771 GHz band at power levels that exceed those for FDSincluding those operating as SRIMSunder 15.255 of the Commissions rules. Specifically, ETSI
Standard EN 305 550 permits operation of short-range devices in the 5764 GHz band at up to 20 dBm mean EIRP, while 15.255c3 presently specifies that the peak EIRP level for FDS devices shall not exceed 10 dBm. ETSI EN 305
550 also permits a maximum transmitter output power of 10 dBm, which is 20 dB
greater than the level that 15.255c3
permits in this band. There are some additional differences between the US
and European approaches. For example, the ETSI power limits are based on average measurements, whereas the Commissions limits are based on peak power measurements. In addition, ETSI
EN 305 550 also requires short-range devices in the 5764 GHz band to comply with a power spectral density PSD limit of 13 dBm/MHz, which the Commissions rules do not include.
Finally, unlike the U.S, ETSI does not have a separate provision that allows for higher EIRP levels of up to 40 dBm for FDS in the 61.061.5 GHz band, nor does it provide for operation in the 64
71 GHz band.
The protocols for wireless systems operating in the 60 GHz band within the U.S. have been established by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 802.11 Standards Committee. These protocols are often referred to as WiGig, named for the former Wireless Gigabit Alliance which advocated for their development. The current IEEE 802.11ad standard allows for channel sizes of up to 2.16 gigahertz in the 60 GHz band, which support a data rate of up to 8 gigabits per second and permits a total of six channels in the 5771 GHz band available in the United States. Furthermore, there are
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