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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 134 / Friday, July 16, 2021 / Proposed Rules
species are expected to incur nonauditory injury from explosives.
As discussed previously, the Navy utilizes aerial monitoring in addition to Lookouts on vessels to detect marine mammals for mitigation implementation. These Level A
harassment take numbers represent the maximum number of instances in which marine mammals would be reasonably expected to incur PTS, and we have analyzed them accordingly. In relation to TTS, the likely consequences to the health of an individual that incurs PTS
can range from mild to more serious depending upon the degree of PTS and the frequency band it is in. Any PTS
accrued as a result of exposure to Navy activities would be expected to be of a small amount. Permanent loss of some degree of hearing is a normal occurrence for older animals, and many animals are able to compensate for the shift, both in old age or at younger ages as the result of stressor exposure Green et al., 1987;
Houser et al., 2008; Ketten 2012; Mann et al., 2010; McGfown et al., 2020.
While a small loss of hearing sensitivity may include some degree of energetic costs for compensating or may mean some small loss of opportunities or
detection capabilities, at the expected scale it would be unlikely to impact behaviors, opportunities, or detection capabilities to a degree that would interfere with reproductive success or survival of any individuals.
Physiological Stress Response Some of the lower level physiological stress responses e.g., orientation or startle response, change in respiration, change in heart rate discussed in the Potential Effects of Specified Activities on Marine Mammals and their Habitat would likely co-occur with the predicted harassments, although these responses are more difficult to detect and fewer data exist relating these responses to specific received levels of sound. However, we would not expect the Navys generally short-term and intermittent activities to create conditions of long-term, continuous noise leading to long-term physiological stress responses in marine mammals that could affect reproduction or survival.
Group and Species-Specific Analyses In this section, we build on the general analysis that applies to all
marine mammals in the PMSR Study Area from the previous section, and include first information and analysis that applies to mysticetes or, separately, odontocetes, and pinnipeds and then within those three sections, more specific information that applies to smaller groups, where applicable, and the affected species and stocks. The specific take numbers proposed for authorization are discussed in Tables 31
and 32, and here we provide some additional context and discussion regarding how we consider the proposed take numbers in those analyses. The maximum amount and type of incidental take of marine mammals reasonably likely to occur from explosive detonations and target and missile launch activities and therefore authorized during the sevenyear training and testing period are shown in Tables 31 and 32 below. The vast majority of predicted exposures are expected to be Level B harassment TTS
and behavioral disturbance from explosive sources during training and testing activities and missile launch activities on SNI.

TABLE 31 ANNUAL ESTIMATED TAKES BY LEVEL A AND LEVEL B HARASSMENT FOR MARINE MAMMALS IN THE PMSR
STUDY AREA EXCLUDING SNI AND THE NUMBER INDICATING THE INSTANCES OF TOTAL TAKE AS A PERCENTAGE OF
STOCK ABUNDANCE
Proposed annual take by Level A and Level B
harassment Common name
Stock/DPS
Behavioral response
Blue whale
Fin whale
Gray whale
Humpback whale

Minke whale
Bottlenose dolphin Dalls porpoise

jbell on DSKJLSW7X2PROD with PROPOSALS2

Dwarf sperm whale Long-beaked common dolphin.
Northern right whale dolphin.
Pacific white-sided dolphin.
Pygmy sperm whale.

VerDate Sep<11>2014

Eastern North Pacific.
California, Oregon, and Washington.
Eastern North Pacific.
California, Oregon, and Washington/
Mexico DPS.
California, Oregon, and Washington/
Central America DPS.
California, Oregon, and Washington.
California, Oregon, and Washington Offshore.
California, Oregon, and Washington.
California, Oregon, and Washington.
California
California, Oregon, and Washington.
California, Oregon, and Washington.
California, Oregon, and Washington.

17:54 Jul 15, 2021

Jkt 253001

Abundance 2020 draft SARS

Total take
PO 00000

TTS

PTS

Percent taken by abundance
7

4

0

11

1,496

0.74

14

7

1

22

9,029

0.24

9

5

0

14

26,960

0.05

7

4

0

11

2,900

0.38

1

0

0

1

2,900

0.03

2

1

0

3

636

0.47

5

5

1

11

1924

0.57

261

406

49

716

25,750

2.78

20

31

6

57

4,111

1.39

66

44

9

119

101,305

0.12

3

2

1

6

26,556

0.02

11

8

2

21

26,814

0.08

20

31

6

57

4,111

1.39

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