Voglio sapere a riguardo di…

khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with RULES2

Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 116 / Monday, June 21, 2021 / Rules and Regulations Gould. E. 2020, February 28. Lack of paid sick days and large numbers of uninsured increase risks of spreading the coronavirus. https www.epi.org/blog/
lack-of-paid-sick-days-and-largenumbers-of-uninsured-increase-risks-ofspreading-the-coronavirus/. Gould, February 28, 2020.
Government Accountability Office GAO.
2020, September. COVID19: Federal Efforts Could Be Strengthened by Timely and Concerted Actions. https
www.gao.gov/assets/710/709934.pdf.
GAO, September 2020.
Hatef, E. et al., 2021, April. Early relaxation of community mitigation policies and risk of COVID19 resurgence in the United States. Prev Med 145:106435. doi:
10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106435 Hatef et al., April, 2021.
Horsely, S. 2020, May 1. U.S. Workplace Safety Rules Missing in the Pandemic.
National Public Radio. https
www.npr.org/2020/05/01/849212026/its-the-wild-west-u-s-workplace-safetyrules-missing-in-the-pandemic. Horsley, May 1, 2020.
Howard, J. 2021, May 22. Response to request for an assessment by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, of the current hazards facing healthcare workers from Coronavirus Disease-2019 COVID19.
Howard, May 22, 2021.
Institute of Medicine IOM. 2009.
Respiratory Protection for Healthcare Workers in a Workplace Against Novel H1N1 Influenza A: A letter report. The National Academies Press. http
www.nap.edu/catalog/12748.html. IOM, 2009.
Kaiser Family Foundation KFF. 2021, May 6. KFF COVID19 Vaccine Monitor:
April 2021. https www.kff.org/
coronavirus-covid-19/poll-finding/kffcovid-19-vaccine-monitor-april-2021/.
KFF, May 6, 2021.
King, WC et al., 2021, April 24. COVID19
vaccine hesitancy JanuaryMarch 2021
among 1864 year old US adults by employment and occupation. medRxiv;
https www.medrxiv.org/content/
10.1101/2021.04.20.21255821v3. King et al., April 24, 2021.
Koshy, K, Shendell, DG, Presutti, MJ.
February 4, 2021. Perspectives of region II OSHA authorized safety and health trainers about initial COVID19 response programs. Safety Science 138. https
doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105193.
Koshy et al., February 4, 2021.
Markman, A. 2020, April 20. Why are there still so many coronavirus skeptics? Fast Company. https
www.fastcompany.com/90492518/whyare-there-still-so-many-coronavirusskeptics. Markman, April 20, 2020.
Meichtry, S et al., 2020, October 26.
Pandemic Fatigue is RealAnd Its Spreading; Collective exhaustion with coronavirus restrictions has emerged as a formidable adversary for governments.
The Wall Street Journal. https
www.wsj.com/articles/pandemic-fatigue-

VerDate Sep<11>2014

21:53 Jun 17, 2021

Jkt 253001

is-realand-its-spreading-11603704601.
Meichtry et al., October 26, 2020.
Moore, KA et al., 2020, April 30. COVID
19: The CIDRAP Viewpoint. Part 1: The Future of the COVID19 Pandemic:
lessons Learned from Pandemic Influenza. University of Minnesota Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy. https
www.cidrap.umn.edu/sites/default/files/
public/downloads/cidrap-covid19viewpoint-part1_0.pdf. Moore et al., April 30, 2020.
Ndugga, N et al., 2021, February 18. Latest Data on COVID19 Vaccinations Race/
Ethnicity. Kaiser Family Foundation.
https www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid19/issue-brief/latest-data-on-covid-19vaccinations-race-ethnicity/. Ndugga et al., February 18, 2021.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA. 2020, March 9.
Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for COVID19. https www.osha.gov/sites/
default/files/publications/
OSHA3990.pdf. OSHA, March 9, 2020.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA. 2020, March 18. Letter from Loren Sweatt to Congressman Robert C. Bobby Scott.
OSHA, March 18, 2020.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA. 2021, January 29. Protecting Workers: Guidance on Mitigating and Preventing the Spread of COVID19 in the Workplace. https
www.osha.gov/coronavirus/safework.
OSHA, January 29, 2021.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA. 2021, March 12. Enforcement Memo: Updated Interim Enforcement Response Plan for Coronavirus Disease 2019 COVID19.
https www.osha.gov/memos/2021-0312/updated-interim-enforcementresponse-plan-coronavirus-disease-2019covid-19. OSHA, March 12, 2021.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA. 2021, May 23.
COVID19 Response Summary. https
www.osha.gov/enforcement/covid-19data. OSHA, May 23, 2021
ORCHSE Strategies. 2020, October 9.
Petition to the U.S. Department of LaborOccupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA for an Emergency Temporary Standard ETS
for Infectious Disease. ORCHSE, October 9, 2020
Roy, B et al., 2020, December 29. Health Care Workers Reluctance to Take the COVID19 Vaccine: A ConsumerMarketing Approach to Identifying and Overcoming Hesitancy. NEJM Catalyst.
https catalyst.nejm.org/doi/pdf/
10.1056/CAT.20.0676. Roy et al., December 29, 2020.
Roy, B and Forman, HP. 2021, April 7.
Doctors: Essential workers should get two days of paid leave for COVID vaccine side effects. https www.usatoday.com/
in-depth/opinion/2021/04/07/essentialworkers-paid-leave-covid-vaccine-sideeffects-column/4816014001/. Roy and Forman, April 7, 2021.
SEIU Healthcare. 2021, February 8.
Research shows 81% of healthcare
PO 00000

Frm 00051

Fmt 4701

Sfmt 4700

32425

workers willing to take COVID19
vaccines but personal financial pressures remain a significant barrier for uptake.
https www.newswire.ca/news-releases/
research-shows-81-of-healthcareworkers-willing-to-take-covid-19vaccines-but-personal-financialpressures-remain-a-significant-barrierfor-uptake-888810789.html. SEIU
Healthcare, February 8, 2021.
Siegel, JD, Rhinehart, E, Jackson, M, Chiarello, L, and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee.
2007. 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https www.cdc.gov/
infectioncontrol/guidelines/isolation/
index.html. Siegel et al., 2007.
Silva, C and Martin, M. 2020, November 14.
U.S. Surgeon General Blames Pandemic Fatigue for Recent COVID19 Surge.
NPR. https www.npr.org/sections/
coronavirus-live-updates/2020/11/14/
934986232/u-s-surgeon-general-blamespandemic-fatigue-for-recent-covid-19surge. Silva and Martin, November 14, 2020.
United States Department of Labor DOL.
2020, May 29. In Re: American Federation Of Labor And Congress Of Industrial Organizations. Department Of Labors Response to the Emergency Petition for a Writ of Mandamus, No. 20
1158 D.C. Cir., May 29, 2020. DOL, May 29, 2020.
United States Department of Labor DOL, Office of the Inspector General OIG.
2021, February 25. COVID19:
Increased Worksite Complaints and Reduced OSHA Inspections Leave U.S.
Workers Safety at Increased Risk. http
www.oig.dol.gov/public/reports/oa/2021/
19-21-003-10-105.pdf. DOL OIG, February 25, 2021.
World Health Organization WHO. 2009.
WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: A SummaryFirst Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care is Safer Care. WHO, 2009.
The White House. 2021, April 2. Press Briefing by White House COVID19
Response Team and Public Health Officials. https www.whitehouse.gov/
briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/04/
02/press-briefing-by-white-house-covid19-response-team-and-public-healthofficials-23/. The White House, April 2, 2021.

V. Need for Specific Provisions of the ETS
Grave Danger Section IV.A. of the preamble identifies the danger of exposure to SARSCoV2 for healthcare workers and explains how the SARS
CoV2 virus is transmitted. This section, on Need for Specific Provisions, examines the scientific underpinnings for the controls that OSHA has identified to stop that transmission in workplaces. In Section VIII, the Summary and Explanation for the various provisions of the ETS, OSHA

E:FRFM21JNR2.SGM

21JNR2