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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 97 / Friday, May 21, 2021 / Rules and Regulations iii If the resulting NMOC mass emission rate is less than 34 megagrams per year, then the owner or operator must submit a periodic estimate of NMOC emissions in an NMOC emission rate report according to 62.16724c and must recalculate the NMOC mass emission rate annually as required under 62.16714e. The site-specific NMOC concentration must be retested every 5 years using the methods specified in this section.
iv If the NMOC mass emission rate as calculated using the Tier 2 sitespecific NMOC concentration is equal to or greater than 34 megagrams per year, the owner or operator must either:
A Submit a gas collection and control system design plan within 1
year as specified in 62.16724d and install and operate a gas collection and control system within 30 months according to 62.16714b and c;
B Determine a site-specific methane generation rate constant and recalculate the NMOC emission rate using the sitespecific methane generation rate using the Tier 3 procedures specified in paragraph a4 of this section; or C Conduct a surface emission monitoring demonstration using the Tier 4 procedures specified in paragraph a6 of this section.
4 Tier 3. The site-specific methane generation rate constant must be determined using the procedures provided in EPA Method 2E of appendix A1 of 40 CFR part 60. The landfill owner or operator must estimate the NMOC mass emission rate using Equation 1 or Equation 2 in paragraph a1i or ii of this section and using a site-specific methane generation rate constant, and the site-specific NMOC
concentration as determined in paragraph a3 of this section instead of the default values provided in paragraph a1 of this section. The landfill owner or operator must compare the resulting NMOC mass emission rate to the standard of 34 megagrams per year.
i If the NMOC mass emission rate as calculated using the Tier 2 site-specific NMOC concentration and Tier 3 sitespecific methane generation rate is equal to or greater than 34 megagrams per year, the owner or operator must either:
A Submit a gas collection and control system design plan within 1
year as specified in 62.16724d and install and operate a gas collection and control system within 30 months according to 62.16714b and c; or B Conduct a surface emission monitoring demonstration using the Tier 4 procedures specified in paragraph a6 of this section.

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ii If the NMOC mass emission rate is less than 34 megagrams per year, then the owner or operator must recalculate the NMOC mass emission rate annually using Equation 1 or Equation 2 in paragraph a1 of this section and using the site-specific Tier 2 NMOC
concentration and Tier 3 methane generation rate constant and submit a periodic NMOC emission rate report as provided in 62.16724c. The calculation of the methane generation rate constant is performed only once, and the value obtained from this test must be used in all subsequent annual NMOC emission rate calculations.
5 Alternative methods. The owner or operator may use other methods to determine the NMOC concentration or a site-specific methane generation rate constant as an alternative to the methods required in paragraphs a3
and 4 of this section if the method has been approved by the Administrator.
6 Tier 4. Demonstrate that surface methane emissions are below 500 parts per million. Surface emission monitoring must be conducted on a quarterly basis using the following procedures. Tier 4 is allowed only if the landfill owner or operator can demonstrate that NMOC emissions are greater than or equal to 34 megagrams per year but less than 50 megagrams per year using Tier 1 or Tier 2. If both Tier 1 and Tier 2 indicate NMOC emissions are megagrams per year or greater, then Tier 4 cannot be used. In addition, the landfill must meet the criteria in paragraph a6viii of this section.
i Measure surface concentrations of methane along the entire perimeter of the landfill and along a pattern that traverses the landfill at no more than 30meter intervals using an organic vapor analyzer, flame ionization detector, or other portable monitor meeting the specifications provided in 62.16720d.
ii The background concentration must be determined by moving the probe inlet upwind and downwind at least 30 meters from the waste mass boundary of the landfill.
iii Surface emission monitoring must be performed in accordance with section 8.3.1 of EPA Method 21 of appendix A7 of 40 CFR part 60, except that the probe inlet must be placed no more than 5 centimeters above the landfill surface; the constant measurement of distance above the surface should be based on a mechanical device such as with a wheel on a pole.
A The owner or operator must use a wind barrier, similar to a funnel, when onsite average wind speed exceeds 4
miles per hour or 2 meters per second
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or gust exceeding 10 miles per hour.
Average on-site wind speed must also be determined in an open area at 5minute intervals using an on-site anemometer with a continuous recorder and data logger for the entire duration of the monitoring event. The wind barrier must surround the SEM monitor, and must be placed on the ground, to ensure wind turbulence is blocked. The SEM cannot be conducted if average wind speed exceeds 25 miles per hour.
B Landfill surface areas where visual observations indicate elevated concentrations of landfill gas, such as distressed vegetation and cracks or seeps in the cover, and all cover penetrations must also be monitored using a device meeting the specifications provided in 62.16720d.
iv Each owner or operator seeking to comply with the Tier 4 provisions in paragraph a6 of this section must maintain records of surface emission monitoring as provided in 62.16726g and submit a Tier 4 surface emissions report as provided in 62.16724d4iii.
v If there is any measured concentration of methane of 500 parts per million or greater from the surface of the landfill, the owner or operator must submit a gas collection and control system design plan within 1 year of the first measured concentration of methane of 500 parts per million or greater from the surface of the landfill according to 62.16724d and install and operate a gas collection and control system according to 62.16714b and c within 30 months of the most recent NMOC emission rate report in which the NMOC emission rate equals or exceeds 34 megagrams per year based on Tier 2.
vi If after four consecutive quarterly monitoring periods at a landfill, other than a closed landfill, there is no measured concentration of methane of 500 parts per million or greater from the surface of the landfill, the owner or operator must continue quarterly surface emission monitoring using the methods specified in this section.
vii If after four consecutive quarterly monitoring periods at a closed landfill there is no measured concentration of methane of 500 parts per million or greater from the surface of the landfill, the owner or operator must conduct annual surface emission monitoring using the methods specified in this section.
viii If a landfill has installed and operates a collection and control system that is not required by this subpart, then the collection and control system must meet the following criteria:

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