Federal Register - March 9, 2021
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Source: Federal Register
Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 44 / Tuesday, March 9, 2021 / Rules and Regulations
The Missouri DPS of eastern hellbender or MACU historically had five populations. One of the populations is considered functionally extirpated i.e., the number of individuals remaining is so low that the population is no longer considered to be viable;
while the four other populations are declining and not in healthy condition.
As noted in our DPS analysis in the proposed rule, eastern hellbenders occupy small home ranges, and the populations within the Missouri DPS
are disjoined from other populations of eastern hellbender by such a large geographic distance 200 river miles that there is no feasible way other populations could act as a source for any populations within this DPS 84 FR
13232, April 4, 2019. The Missouri DPSs current condition is most strongly influenced by sedimentation, poor water quality, disease, habitat disturbance, small population size, and direct mortality. Additionally, collection and sale of eastern hellbenders continues to be a threat to the species. Augmentation
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is an important positive influence, but even with introductions ongoing, all extant populations have a declining trend in abundance. Though redundancy has declined with the functional extirpation of eastern hellbenders in one stream of the DPS, we have concluded that DPS-wide extirpation is unlikely due to a catastrophic chemical pollution event Service 2018, p. 37. One of the largest freshwater oil spills in the nation 863,268 gallons of crude oil occurred within the range of the Missouri DPS of eastern hellbender in 1988. The DPS
persisted after the spill, but resiliency and redundancy have both declined since the spill. We have also concluded that the Missouri DPS of eastern hellbender likely has lower viability and greater vulnerability to current and potential future stressors, compared to other segments of the species range. We summarize the major influences to the Missouri DPS of eastern hellbender viability below; for more detail see
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chapter 5 of the SSA report Service 2018, pp. 3456.
Influences on the Missouri DPS of Eastern Hellbender In consultation with species experts, we identified the past and current negative and beneficial factors that have led to the eastern hellbenders current condition and which may influence population dynamics into the future.
Factors having a negative impact on eastern hellbender individuals are referred to as risk factors also as threats or stressors, while factors having a beneficial effect are referred to as conservation factors. We referred to risk and conservation factors collectively as influences. A brief summary of the most influential factors is presented below; for a full description of these factors, refer to chapter 5 of the SSA
report Service 2018, pp. 2648.
Sedimentation Sedimentation was identified as the factor most impacting the status of the
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