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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 150 / Monday, August 9, 2021 / Proposed Rules Wildlife and Plants Lists under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. This document also includes our findings on resubmitted petitions and describes our progress in revising the Lists during the period October 1, 2018, through September 30, 2020.
Combined with other decisions for individual species that were published separately from this CNOR in the past 2 years, the current number of foreign species that are candidates for listing is 19. Identification of candidate species can assist environmental planning efforts by providing advance notice of potential listings, and by allowing landowners, resource managers, range countries, and other stakeholders to take actions to alleviate threats and thereby possibly remove the need to list species as endangered or threatened. Even if we subsequently list a candidate species, the early notification provided here could result in more options for species management and recovery by prompting earlier candidate conservation measures to alleviate threats to the species.
DATES: We will accept information on any of the species in this document at any time.
ADDRESSES: This document is available on the internet at http
www.regulations.gov and http
www.fws.gov/endangered/what-we-do/
cnor.html.
Species assessment forms with information and references on a particular candidate species range, status, habitat needs, and listing priority assignment are available for review at the office listed below in FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT, or on our website https ecos.fws.gov/ecp/report/
candidate-species. Please submit any new information, materials, comments, or questions of a general nature on this document or pertaining to a particular species to the address listed under FOR
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. Speciesspecific information and materials we receive will be available on the internet at http www.regulations.gov under Docket No. FWSHQES20200146.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Elizabeth Maclin, Chief, Branch of Delisting and Foreign Species, Ecological Services Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, MS: ES, 5275
Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041
3803 telephone 7033582171.
Persons who use a telecommunications device for the deaf may call the Federal Relay Service at 8008778339.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background The Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended Act; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et
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seq., requires that we identify species of wildlife and plants that are endangered or threatened based solely on the best scientific and commercial data available. As defined in section 3
of the Act, an endangered species is any species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range, and a threatened species is any species that is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range. Through the Federal rulemaking process, we add species that meet these definitions to the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife in title 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations CFR at 17.11 50
CFR 17.11 or the List of Endangered and Threatened Plants at 50 CFR 17.12.
As part of this program, we maintain a list of species that we regard as candidates for listing. A candidate species is one for which we have on file sufficient information on biological vulnerability and threats to support a proposal for listing as endangered or threatened, but for which preparation and publication of a proposal is precluded by higher priority listing actions. We may identify a species as a candidate for listing after we have conducted an evaluation of its status either on our own initiative, or in response to a petition we have received.
If we have made a finding on a petition to list a species, and have found that listing is warranted, but precluded by other higher priority listing actions, we will add the species to our list of candidates.
We maintain this list of candidates for a variety of reasons: 1 To notify the public that these species are facing threats to their survival; 2 to provide advance knowledge of potential listings that could affect decisions of environmental planners and developers;
3 to provide information that may stimulate and guide conservation efforts that will remove or reduce threats to these species and possibly make listing unnecessary; 4 to request input from interested parties to help us identify those candidate species that may not require protection under the Act, as well as additional species that may require the Acts protections; and 5 to request necessary information for setting priorities for preparing listing proposals.
We encourage collaborative conservation efforts for candidate species and offer technical and financial assistance to facilitate such efforts. For additional information regarding such assistance, please contact the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
CONTACT, above.

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Previous CNORs We have been publishing CNORs since 1975. The most recent CNOR that included foreign species was published on October 10, 2019 84 FR 54732, and covered the period October 1, 2016, through September 30, 2018. CNORs published since 1994 are available on our website at http www.fws.gov/
endangered/what-we-do/cnor.html. For copies of CNORs published prior to 1994, please contact the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
CONTACT, above.
On September 21, 1983, we published guidance for assigning a listing priority number LPN for each candidate species 48 FR 43098. Using this guidance, we assign each candidate an LPN of 1 to 12, depending on the magnitude of threats, immediacy of threats, and taxonomic status; the lower the LPN, the higher the listing priority that is, a species with an LPN of 1
would have the highest listing priority.
Section 4h3 of the Act 16 U.S.C.
1533h3 requires the Secretary to establish guidelines for such a priorityranking system. As explained below, in using this system, we first categorize based on the magnitude of the threats, then by the immediacy of the threats, and finally by taxonomic status.
Under this priority-ranking system, magnitude of threat can be either high or moderate to low. This criterion helps ensure that the species facing the greatest threats to their continued existence receive the highest listing priority. All candidate species face threats to their continued existence, so the magnitude of threats is in relative terms. For all candidate species, the threats are of sufficiently high magnitude to put them in danger of extinction or make them likely to become in danger of extinction in the foreseeable future. However, for species with higher magnitude threats, the threats have a greater likelihood of bringing about extinction or are expected to bring about extinction on a shorter timescale once the threats are imminent than for species with lowermagnitude threats. Because we do not routinely quantify how likely or how soon extinction would be expected to occur absent listing, we must evaluate factors that contribute to the likelihood and time scale for extinction. We therefore consider information such as:
1 The number of populations or extent of range of the species affected by the threats, or both; 2 the biological significance of the affected populations, taking into consideration the life-history characteristics of the species and its current abundance and
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