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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 150 / Monday, August 9, 2021 / Proposed Rules
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species. Collection for commercial trade is also regarded as a threat to the species. The Kaiser-i-Hind swallowtail is highly valued and has been collected and traded despite various prohibitions.
Although it is difficult to assess the potential impacts from collection, it is possible that collection in combination with other stressors contribute to local extirpations.
In China, the species is protected by the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife. In India, the Kaiser-i-Hind swallowtail is listed on Schedule II of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act. In Thailand, all butterflies in the genus Teinopalpus, including the Kaiser-i-Hind swallowtail, are listed under Thailands Wild Animal Reservation and Protection Act. In Vietnam, the species is listed as Vulnerable in the 2007 Vietnam Red Data Book and is reported to be the most valuable of all butterflies in Vietnam. In 2006, the species was listed on Vietnams Schedule IIB of Decree No. 32
on management of endangered, precious, and rare forest plants and animals. Since 1996, the Kaiser-i-Hind swallowtail has been categorized on the IUCN Red List as lower risk/near threatened, but IUCN indicates that this assessment needs updating. The Kaiseri-Hind swallowtail has been included in CITES Appendix II since 1987.
Additionally, the Kaiser-i-Hind swallowtail is listed on Annex B of the European Union Wildlife Trade Regulations; species listed on Annex B
require an import permit.
In the October 10, 2019, CNOR, the Kaiser-i-Hind swallowtail was assigned an LPN of 8. After reevaluating the threats to this species, we have determined that no change in its LPN of 8 is warranted because threats to the species are moderate in magnitude and imminent. The Kaiser-i-Hind swallowtail does not represent a monotypic genus. Threats from habitat destruction and illegal collection are moderate in magnitude due to the species wide distribution and to various protections in place within each country. The threats are imminent due to ongoing habitat destruction and high market value for specimens. Therefore, an LPN of 8 remains valid for this species to reflect imminent threats of moderate magnitude.
Current CNOR
We gather data on plants and animals foreign to the United States that appear to merit consideration for addition to the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants Lists. This document identifies those species that we currently regard as candidates for
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addition to the Lists. These candidates include species and subspecies of fish, wildlife, or plants, and DPSs of vertebrate animals. This compilation relies on information from status surveys and information from foreign countries, other Federal agencies, knowledgeable scientists, public and private natural resource interests, and comments received in response to previous CNORs.
Table 4, below, list animals arranged alphabetically by common names under the major group headings. Animals are grouped by class or order. Useful synonyms and subgeneric scientific names appear in parentheses with the synonyms preceded by an equals sign. We incorporate standardized common names in these CNORs as they become available.
Table 4 lists all candidate species, plus species currently proposed for listing under the Act. We emphasize that in this document we are not proposing to list any of the candidate species; rather, we will develop and publish proposed listing rules for these species in the future. We encourage foreign countries where a candidate species occurs, other Federal agencies, and other parties to consider these species in environmental planning.
In Table 4, the Category column on the left side of the table identifies the status of each species according to the following codes:
PESpecies proposed for listing as endangered. This category does not include species for which we have withdrawn or finalized the proposed rule.
CCandidates: Species for which we have on file sufficient information on biological vulnerability and threats to support proposals to list them as endangered or threatened. Issuance of proposed rules for these species is precluded at present by other higher priority listing actions. This category includes species for which we made a 12-month warranted-but-precluded finding on a petition to list. Our analysis for this document included making new findings on all petitions for which we previously made warranted-butprecluded findings. We identify the species for which we made a continued warranted-but-precluded finding on a resubmitted petition by the code C
in the category column see Findings for Petitioned Candidate Species, above, for additional information.
The Priority column indicates the LPN for each candidate species, which we use to determine the most appropriate use of our available resources. The lowest numbers have the highest priority. We assign LPNs based
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on the immediacy and magnitude of threats, as well as on taxonomic status.
We published a complete description of our listing priority system in the Federal Register 48 FR 43098;
September 21, 1983.
Following the scientific name third column and the family designation fourth column is the common name fifth column. The sixth column provides the known historical range for the species or vertebrate population for vertebrate populations, this is the historical range for the entire species or subspecies and not just the historical range for the DPS, indicated by country. Many species no longer occur in all of the areas indicated in the historical range column.
Request for Information We request additional status information that may be available for any of the candidate species identified in this CNOR. We will consider this information to monitor changes in the status or LPN of candidate species and to manage candidates as we prepare listing documents and future revisions to the CNOR. We also request information on additional species to consider including as candidates as we prepare future updates of this CNOR.
We request you submit any further information on the species named in this document as soon as possible or whenever it becomes available. We are particularly interested in information:
1 Indicating that we should add a species to the list of candidate species;
2 Indicating that we should remove a species from candidate status;
3 Documenting threats to any of the included species;
4 Describing the immediacy or magnitude of threats facing candidate species;
5 Pointing out taxonomic or nomenclature changes for any of the species;
6 Suggesting appropriate common names; and 7 Noting any mistakes, such as errors in the indicated historical ranges.
We will consider all information provided in response to this CNOR in deciding whether to propose species for listing and when to undertake necessary listing actions including whether emergency listing under section 4b7
of the Act is appropriate.
Submit information, materials, or comments regarding foreign species to the person listed under FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT, above. We will maintain information we receive for each candidate species mentioned in the submission, and information and comments we receive will become part
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