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B. COVID19 Plan An effective COVID19 plan is modeled on the core components of safety and health programs, which utilize a systematic approach to reduce injuries and illnesses in the workplace.
The occupational safety and health community uses various names to describe this type of systematic approach e.g., safety and health programs, safety and health management systems, and injury and illness prevention programs and uses the terms plans and programs interchangeably. An effective safety and health program involves proactively and continuously identifying and mitigating hazards, before employees are injured or develop disease. The approach involves trained employees and managers working together to identify and address issues before the issues become a problem. Such an approach helps employers meet their obligation under the OSH Act to provide employees a place of employment free from recognized hazards OSHA, January 2012; OSHA, October 18, 2016. The COVID19 plan required by this ETS
encompasses the core components of this type of safety and health programs.
Developing and implementing a COVID19 plan is an essential part of an effective response to the COVID19
hazards present in the workplace because the process involves identifying employees who are at risk of exposure to the virus and determining how they can be effectively protected from developing COVID19 using a multilayered approach.
Many companies that have received awards for their safety and health accomplishments have credited safety and health programs for their success.
Because of the value, effectiveness, and feasibility of such programs, many countries throughout North America, Asia, and Europe require employers to implement programs to prevent injury and illness. Numerous studies and data sources provide evidence of such programs improving safety and health
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management practices and performance which leads to reductions in injury, illness, and fatalities. For example, a review of the impact of implementation of safety and health programs in eight states showed a reduction of injury and illness rates ranging from 9% to more than 60% OSHA, January 2012. In three of these states with mandatory injury and illness prevention programs, workplace fatality rates were up to 31%
lower than the national average OSHA, January 2012.
OSHA has traditionally identified seven core elements of successful safety and health programs including 1
management leadership, 2 worker participation, 3 hazard identification and assessment, 4 hazard prevention and controls, 5 evaluation and improvement, 6 coordination and communication at multi-employer sites, and 7 education and training OSHA, January 2012; OSHA, October 18, 2016.
The COVID19 plan required by this ETS was developed with these elements in mind. The first core element, management leadership, involves a demonstrated commitment to establishing a safety and health culture and continuously improving safety and health in the workplace. A commitment to health and safety is demonstrated by implementing a clear plan for preventing illness and injury, and communicating the plan to all employees including contractors and temporary staff. Designating a coordinator to track progress of the plan and ensure that all aspects of the plan are implemented further demonstrates managements commitment to employee safety and health OSHA, 2005; OSHA, January 2012; OSHA, October 18, 2016.
The second, and one of the most important components of a safety and health program, is the participation of trained and knowledgeable employees, including those employed by other employers e.g., contractors, temporary staff. Employees provide unique perspective and expertise because they are often the most knowledgeable people about the hazards associated with their jobs and how those hazards can be controlled. Employees who are trained to recognize hazards and appropriate controls to address those hazards and know that they can speak freely to employers, can provide valuable input on hazards that need to be addressed, which can lead to a reduction in hazards or exposure to hazards. They can also provide input on improvements that are needed to protections that have already been implemented. An emphasis on employee participation is consistent with the OSH Act, OSHA standards, and
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