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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 116 / Monday, June 21, 2021 / Rules and Regulations suspected or documented COVID19.
These studies illustrate that racial and ethnic minorities are likely to be at increased risk of occupational SARS
CoV2 exposures and related infections.
In addition to an increased likelihood of exposures and potential infection, Native American, Alaskan Native, Latinx, and Black populations all have increased risk of hospitalization and/or death from COVID19 in comparison to White populations CDC, April 23, 2021. Chen et al., January 22, 2021
studied increased mortality risk between different racial and ethnic minority groups and occupations for working age Californians in prepandemic and pandemic time frames.
Measured mortality risks increased during the pandemic for all races and ethnicities, but White populations had lower increased risk 6% increase compared to Asian populations 18%, Black populations 28% and Latinx populations 36%. A similar disparity in excess mortality was also observed between races and ethnicities within the same occupational sector Chen et al., January 22, 2021. In the health or emergency sector, risk ratios were far greater for Asian 1.40, Black 1.27, and Latinx 1.32 workers in comparison to White workers 1.02.
Health equity is a major concern in assessing the pandemics effects CDC, April 19, 2021. Some of the factors that contribute to increased risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID19 include:
Discrimination, healthcare access/
utilization, economic issues, and housing CDC, April 23, 2021. And although racial and ethnic minority groups are more likely to be exposed to and infected with SARSCoV2, research indicates that testing for the virus is not markedly higher for these demographic groups Rubin-Miller et al., September 16, 2020. Rubin-Miller et al., note that there may be barriers to testing that decrease access or delay testing to a greater degree than in White populations. These barriers to testing can delay needed medical care and lead to worse outcomes. And even when able to seek care, other barriers may exist. In discussing widespread health inequities, studies have noted that American Indian communities lacked sufficient facilities to respond to COVID19 Hatcher et al., August 28, 2020; van Dorn et al., April 18, 2020.
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