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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 85 / Wednesday, May 5, 2021 / Proposed Rules We published notices of initiation of periodic status reviews for the five species required under section 4c2 of the Act in 2019 and 2020 84 FR 36116,
July 26, 2019; 85 FR 4692, January 27, 2020; this document serves as completion of those status reviews. The referenced documents and additional
details can be found using the Services Environmental Conservation Online System ECOS: https ecos.fws.gov/.

TABLE 2SUMMARY OF PREVIOUS FEDERAL ACTIONS
An indicates the common and scientific names of these taxa as they currently appear on the Lists at 50 CFR 17.11 and 17.12.
Species Common and scientific names at time of listing 1977.
Original listing status
5-Year status review date and recommendation.

San Clemente sage sparrow.
Amphispiza belli clementae .
T
August 13, 2009;
No change.

San Clemente Island indian paintbrush.
Castilleja grisea
E
September 24, 2007; downlist to threatened.
Final downlisting:
July 26, 2013 78
FR 45406.

San Clemente broom.
Lotus scoparius ssp. traskiae.
E
September 24, 2007; downlist to threatened.
Final downlisting:
July 26, 2013 78
FR 45406.

San Clemente Island larkspur.
Delphinium kinkiense.
E
March 31, 2008;
downlist to threatened.

San Clemente Island lotus.
Acmispon dendroideus var.
traskiae .
T

San Clemente Island larkspur.
Delphinium variegatum ssp.
kinkiense .
E

12-month findings and reclassifications.

Currently accepted common and scientific names.

San Clemente Bells sparrow.
Artemisiospiza belli clementeae.

San Clemente Island paintbrush.
Castilleja grisea

Current listing status

T

T

Proposed Delisting Determinations Background Overview of San Clemente Island The five species addressed in this proposed rule are endemic to San Clemente Island, the southernmost island of the California Channel Islands, located 64 miles mi 103 kilometers km west of San Diego, California. The island is approximately 56 square mi 145 square km, 36,073 acres ac, or 14,598 hectares ha Junak and Wilken 1998, p. 2 and is long and narrow: 21
mi 34 km long by 1.5 mi 2.4 km wide at the north end, and 4 mi 6.4 km wide at the south end USFWS 1984, p. 5.
The island consists of a relatively broad open plateau that slopes gently to the west. Conspicuous marine terraces line the western slope of the island, while steep escarpments drop precipitously to the rocky coastline on the eastern side along the southern 75 percent of its coastline. Many canyons, some of which are up to 500 feet ft 152 meters m deep, dissect the southern part of the island. Mount Thirst, the highest point on the island, rises to approximately 1,965 ft 599 m Navy 2013a, p. 1.4.
San Clemente Island is located in a Mediterranean climatic regime with a significant maritime influence. Average monthly temperatures range from 58
degrees Fahrenheit F 14 degrees Celsius C to 66 F 19 C, with a monthly maximum temperature of 72 F
27 C in August and a monthly minimum of 51 F 10 C in December
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Navy 2013a, p. 3.11. Average monthly relative humidity varies from 54 to 86
percent depending on location and time of year, and the island experiences dramatic fluctuations in annual rainfall, averaging 6.6 inches in 16.8
centimeters cm Navy 2013a, pp. 3.11, 3.13. Precipitation is received mainly from November through April, with little from May through October. In addition to precipitation, fog drip during the typical dry season is a vital source of moisture to the San Clemente Island SCI ecosystem Navy 2013a, pp.
3.9, 3.13. The central plateau is characterized mainly by native and nonnative grassland communities.
Marine terraces on the western side of the island support maritime desert scrub communities, and the steep eastern escarpment supports grassland and sagebrush communities. Deep canyons that incise both the east and the west sides of the island support limited canyon woodland communities.
San Clemente Bells Sparrow A thorough review of the taxonomy, life history, and ecology of the San Clemente Bells sparrow is presented in the SSA report USFWS 2020a. The San Clemente Bells sparrow Artemisiospiza belli clementeae;
Chesser et al. 2012, formerly called the San Clemente sage sparrow, is a nonmigratory subspecies of Bells sparrow endemic to San Clemente Island, California. It is a grayish-brown colored sparrow with a small dark breast spot,
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San Clemente Island bushmallow Malacothamnus clementinus E
September 28, 2007; downlist to threatened 12-month finding, not warranted for reclassification:
May 16, 2012 77
FR 29078
San Clemente Island bush-mallow Malacothamnus clementinus
E

complete white eye rings, and distinctive white and black malar stripes. It is approximately 5.15.9 in 1315 cm long, and weighs, on average, 0.59 ounces 16.8 grams Martin and Carlson 1998, p. 2; Turner et al. 2005, p. 27.
The San Clemente SC Bells sparrow has been close to extinction, with a low of 38 individual adults reported in 1984
Hyde 1985, p. 30. The population was estimated to be 316 in 1981, 38 in 1984, and 294 in 1997 Beaudry et al. 2003, pp. 12. Some of this population fluctuation may be related to differences in survey methods and areas surveyed Kaiser et al. 2008, pp. 3133. In order to more accurately estimate distribution and population size, SC Bells sparrow breeding season surveys were redesigned in 2012 Meiman et al. 2019, pp. 34 and implemented island-wide in 2013, resulting in an island-wide estimate of 4,534 adult sparrows 2,267
pairs. The population estimates have consistently been over 4,000 adults since 2013 4,1947,656 USFWS
2020a, p. 25.
At listing, the SC Bells sparrow was primarily distributed within the lower marine terraces along the northwestern portion of SCI, in the maritime desert scrub plant communities, mostly dominated by boxthorn Willey 1997, p.
219. However, the SC Bells sparrow has more recently been found widely across the island, bringing recent estimates of potential available habitat from approximately 4,196 ha 10,369

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