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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 32 / Friday, February 19, 2021 / Notices
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determine whether to include this territory in an urban area.
8. Splitting Large Agglomerations and Merging Individual Urban Areas Population growth and redistribution coupled with the automated urban area delineation methodology that will be used for the 2020 Census may result in large agglomerations of continuously developed territory that may encompass territory defined as separate urban areas for the 2010 Census. If such results occur, the Census Bureau will apply split and merge criteria.
For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau proposes using worker flow data i.e., commuting flows from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics LEHD Program to identify whether the agglomeration represents a single functionally integrated region or whether commuting patterns indicate the presence of distinct urban areas within the larger agglomeration. An agglomeration that encompasses two or more 2010 Census urban areas will be a candidate for splitting into smaller urban areas. This condition will trigger application of the following splitting criteria:
a. Each pair of 2010 Census urban areas will be analyzed to determine whether to split or to remain merged.
The 2010 urban area with the smaller population will be analyzed in relation to the 2010 urban area with the larger population.
b. The 2010 Census urban area with the smaller population will remain in the agglomeration if at least 50 percent of its resident workers are employed within the larger 2010 Census urban area and at least 50 percent of the jobs in the smaller urban area are filled by workers residing within the larger 2010
Census urban area. If either of these conditions are not met, the smaller urban area will be split from the agglomeration and categorized based on the worker flow data.
c. The 2010 Census urban areas are organized into four categories:
1. Worker flows are 50 percent or more to or from another 2010 Census urban area, but not in both directions;
2. Worker flows are less than 50
percent internal, but also less than 50
percent with any other single 2010
Census urban area;
3. Adjacent 2010 Census urban areas that are in categories 1 or 2;
4. Worker flows are 50 percent or more internal to the 2010 Census urban area.
d. Community detection is performed on the LEHD worker flow data using the Leiden Algorithm to identify commuterbased communities. The resulting
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communities are used to adjust the 2010
Census urban area split boundaries based on thresholds set to each of the four categories. However, for all categories, at least 50 percent of the worker flow must be internal to all resulting urban areas. The boundary between two urban areas may also be modified to avoid splitting an incorporated place, CDP, or minor civil division MCD between two urban areas at the time of delineation.
e. Upon running the community detection algorithm, the resulting communities are used to adjust the 2010
Census urban area split boundaries, and to identify the potential boundary between the resulting 2020 urban areas, starting with urban areas in the first category below and progressing to the fourth category below.
Category 1. For the smaller of each urban area pair, adjacent communities identified by the Leiden Algorithm are added from the larger urban area until the internal worker flow of the smaller urban area is greater than 50 percent.
Communities can only be added to the smaller urban area until the total housing unit count increases by less than 50 percent.
Category 2. For the smaller of each urban area pair, adjacent communities identified by the Leiden Algorithm are added from the larger urban area until the internal worker flow is greater than 50 percent.
Category 3. If there is greater than 10 percent worker flow between adjacent urban areas in categories 1 and 2, then they will be combined as one urban area and the criteria of the lowest category will be applied.
Category 4. Split boundaries will be adjusted to their nearest community boundary.
9. Assigning Urban Area Titles A clear, unambiguous title based on commonly recognized place names helps provide context for data users and ensures that the general location and setting of the urban area can be clearly identified and understood. The title of an urban area identifies the places that is are the most populated within the urban area. All population requirements for places and MCDs apply to the portion of the entitys population that is within the specific urban area being named. The Census Bureau proposes the following criteria to determine the title of an urban area:
a. The most populous incorporated place within the urban area that has a population of 10,000 or more will be listed first in the urban area title.
b. If there is no incorporated place with a population of 10,000 or more, the
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urban area title will include the name of the most populous incorporated place or CDP within the urban area that has at least 2,500 people.
c. Up to two additional places, in descending order of population size, may be included in the title of an urban area, provided that the place meets one of the following criteria:
a. The place has 250,000 or more people.
b. The place has at least 2,500 people, and that population is at least twothirds of the urban area population of the most populous place in the urban area.
If the urban area does not contain a place of at least 2,500 people, the Census Bureau will consider the name of the incorporated place, CDP, or MCD
with the largest total population in the urban area, or a local name recognized for the area by the United States Geological Surveys USGS Geographic Names Information System GNIS, with preference given to names also recognized by the United States Postal Service USPS. The urban area title will include the USPS abbreviation of the name of each state or statistically equivalent entity in which the urban area is located or extends. The order of the state abbreviations is the same as the order of the related place names in the urban area title.12
If a single place or MCD qualifies as the title of more than one urban area, the largest urban area will use the name of the place or MCD. The smaller urban area will have a title consisting of the place or MCD name and the direction North, South, East, or West of the smaller urban area as it relates geographically to the larger urban area with the same place or MCD name.
If any title of an urban area duplicates the title of another urban area within the same state, or uses the name of an incorporated place, CDP, or MCD that is duplicated within a state, the name of the county that has most of the population of the largest place or MCD
is appended, in parentheses, after the duplicate place or MCD name for each urban area. If there is no incorporated place, CDP, or MCD name in the urban area title, the name of the county having the largest total population residing in the urban area will be appended to the title.
12 In situations where an urban area is only associated with one place name but is located in more than one state, the order of the state abbreviations will begin with the state within which the place is located and continue in descending order of population of each states share of the population of the urban area.

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