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Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 25 / Tuesday, February 9, 2021 / Notices site also produced abundant bone and antler tools such as awls, needles and fishhooks. In his 2014 dissertation, Thaddeus Bissett presented 18
radiocarbon dates from this site. The calibrated calendar dates range from 8991 151 to 6338 61 B.P. Bissetts dissertation also indicated that occupation at the site mostly dates to the Middle Archaic.
From August 8 to October 17, 1941, human remains representing, at minimum, 97 individuals were excavated from the Oak View Landing site, 40DR1, in Decatur County, TN.
Using WPA labor and funds, archeologists from the University of Tennessee sought to recover information from this site prior to the construction of TVAs Kentucky Reservoir. The results of these excavations were never published. A short field report by Carrol Burroughs indicates that the site had been disturbed by an early 20th century residence and warehouses associated with the river landing. In his 2014
dissertation, Bissett estimated that a 4,000 square-foot area of the site was dug and 78 features were identified, including 44 pits, 23 postmolds, three caches of river cobbles, two large depressions, and six burned areas. The site plan does not reveal any patterning of the postmolds that would suggest a structure or wall segment. The plan does indicate a concentration of burials in the southwest quadrant of the excavation units. Based on his analysis of hafted bifaces and two radiocarbon dates, Bissett concluded that the primary occupation of the site ranged from 5000 to 4000 B.P.
The fragmentary nature of the human remains made it difficult to determine the age and sex of the individuals. Of those that could be evaluated, 24 were female and 23 were male. They ranged in age from the one month to 50 years.
No known individuals were identified.
The 244 associated funerary objects include one abrader, 45 animal bones, three animal bone flakers, one animal tooth, one antler, nine antler flakers, four beaver teeth, one blade tip, 10 bone awls, eight bone beads, two bone scrapers, one burned clay object, one piece of chalk, one chipped stone biface, 73 copper beads, one deer astragalus, one deer scapula, one dog tooth, two drilled dog teeth, four drills, two stone flakes, four gorgets, one hammerstone, one hematite, five stone knives, one limestone, two needles, one paint rock, 46 projectile points, four rodent teeth, one sandstone celt sharpener, two stone scrapers, one ceramic sherd, one turtle shell, and two worked bones.
Between August 425, 1941, human remains representing, at minimum, one
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individual were excavated from the West Britts Landing site, 40DR43, in Decatur County, TN. Charles Nash led a WPA crew in anticipation of the construction of the Kentucky Reservoir.
Information on 40DR43 has never been published. For some years prior to the excavation, this area had been used as a landing and loading dock. This disturbance, as well as active erosion by the river, led to the destruction of most of the site. Four strata were defined during excavation. While ceramics were found only in the top-most stratum, stratum three contained most of the cultural deposits. Of the 21 numbered features identified, most were designated as hearths or shallow pits.
Two burial units were identified during the excavation, but only one retained recoverable human remains. There are no radiocarbon dates from this site. The human remains belong to an adult male.
No known individual was identified. No associated funerary objects are present.
From July through September 1940, human remains representing, at minimum, 78 individuals were excavated from the Kays Landing site, 40HY13, in Henry County, TN. George Lidberg and a WPA crew excavated 40HY13 in anticipation of the construction of the Kentucky Reservoir.
The results of these excavations have never been published. Three trenches were excavated to identify the stratigraphy at the site. Five strata were identified. Stratum I, a black clay loam 4 inches to 3 feet thick, covered the entire excavation area and was also the only stratum with prehistoric ceramics.
The upper portion was disturbed by cultivation. Stratum II, composed of 30
50% mussel shell mixed with humus and sand, was designated a shell mound by Lidberg. While the full extent of this stratum was not determined, in his 2014
dissertation, Bissett indicated that it was elliptical and extended roughly 23.5
meters north to south and 22.8 meters east to west. The shell content decreased with depth and graded into Stratum III, a thick layer of sand with shell fragments. Stratum III ranged from 2 to 3 feet in thickness. Stratum IV
extended over all the excavation units and was 12 feet thick. Lidberg described it as bands of carbon-stained sand interspersed with clean water lain sands.
Eighteen numbered pits were excavated. Most of them were cylindrical and had flat bottoms. Many displayed evidence of burning along the sides, but not on the bottoms. The eight numbered features included four areas of burned clay or soil that may have represented light structures. Also, two accumulations of charcoal and burned
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bone and one cache of three nutting stones and three lithic raw material stones were discovered. The post molds do not form a pattern representing structures. Based on radiocarbon dates and diagnostic bifaces, Bissett identified three occupations of this site. The earliest one, represented by strata V and IV, dates to the late Middle Archaic, ca.
55005100 calibrated years B.P. Based on the number of burial units 46 and the quantity of artefacts recovered, this was a substantial occupation. The second occupation, represented by strata III and II, dates to the Late Archaic, roughly 48003800 years B.P.
Although it does include the shell midden, this was a less extensive occupation. The most recent occupation, represented by stratum I, dates sometime after 3800 B.P. It was truncated by modern cultivation.
Of the 78 individuals recovered, 32
were female, 13 were male, and 33 were of indeterminate sex. Their ages ranged from fetus to 60 years. No known individuals were identified. The 955
associated funerary objects include nine animal bones, one antler, two beaver teeth, 48 bone awls whole and fragments, one bone object, one bone tool, seven chert blades, one chert chisel, 10 chert tools, one gorget, 104
perforated canine teeth, three projectile points, one red ochre, 438 shell beads, two stone beads, and 326 turtle shell fragments.
Determinations Made by the Tennessee Valley Authority Officials of the Tennessee Valley Authority have determined that:
Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 30019, the human remains described in this notice are Native American based on their presence in a prehistoric archeological site and osteological analysis.
Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 30019, the human remains described in this notice represent the physical remains of 362
individuals of Native American ancestry.
Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 30013A, the 1,456 objects described in this notice are reasonably believed to have been placed with or near individual human remains at the time of death or later as part of the death rite or ceremony.
Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 30012, a relationship of shared group identity cannot be reasonably traced between the Native American human remains and associated funerary objects and any present-day Indian Tribe.
The Treaty of October 19, 1818, indicates that the land from which the cultural items were removed is the
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