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FEDERAL REGISTER, Saturday, June 10, 1939
Methods outlined herein are to be em ployed as a basis of quarantine certifica tion under regulations 5, 6, and 7 Secs.
30148-5 to 301.48-7 of Quarantine No.
48, revised Sec. 301.48. The issuance of these instructions cancels the methods of treatment prescribed in BPQ 359 and its four supplements, BEPQ 473, BEPQ
475, and BEPQ 480.1
While no guarantee can be given that no injury will be caused to the commod ity, the treatments are recommended nnly for those commodities which experi ence has shown were not seriously in jured. It must be understood by the nurseryman and shipper that no liability shpii attach either to the United States Department of Agriculture or to any of its employees in event of injury. The in spector must bring this condition of treatment and the facts in reference to the use of the chemicals to the attention of some responsible person at the nursery or shipping point before the treatments are applied.
Inspectors must familiarize themselves with cautions for each chemical.
T able
op
Co n ten ts
Grades required and cautions on the use of authorized chemicals.
a Carbon disulphide.
b Carbon disulphide emulsion.
c Ethylene oxide.
d Hydrocyanic acid.
1 Liquid hydrocyanic acid.
2 Hydrocyanic acid discoide.
3 Calcium cyanide.
e Lead arsenate.
Í Methyl bromide.
g Naphthalene.
h Paradichlorobenzene.
Treatment of soil in absence of plants.
i Potting soil.
1 Heat treatment.
2 Carbon disulphide fumigation.
3 Naphthalene fumigation.
4 Lead arsenate treatment.
j Shipments of sand, soil, earth, peat, compost, and manure.
1 Heat treatment.
2 Carbon disulphide fumigation.
k Soil in and around coldframes, plung ing beds, and heeling-in areas.
1 Lead arsenate treatment.
2 Heat treatment.
3 Carbon disulphide fumigation.
4 Carbon disulphide emulsion treat ment.
5 Naphthalene fumigation.
Treatment of soil about the roots of plants.
l Treatament of plants after digging.
1 Removal of infestation.
2 Hot-water treatment.
3 Carbon disulphide emulsion dip.
4 Paradichlorobenzene fumigation.
5 Methyl bromide fumigation.
m Treatment of plants before digging.
1 Carbon disulphide emulsion.
2 Lead arsenate treatment.
Treatment of fruits and vegetables.
n Carbon disulphide fumigation.
o Cyanide fumigation.
1 Liquid hydrocyanic acid.
2 Hydrocyanic acid discoids.
3 Calcium cyanide.
p Ethylene oxide fumigation.
q Methyl bromide fumigation.
GRADES REQUIRED AND CAUTIONS O N THE U SE
OP AUTHORIZED CHEMICALS

The chemicals authorized for the treatment of soil, nursery stock, fruits, and vegetables, especially carbon disul13 P.R. 2048 DI.

phide, carbon disulphide emulsion, ethyl ene oxide, hydrocyanic acid, and methyl bromide, are dangerous and proper care must be exercised in handling them. The facts in reference to these chemicals must be brought to the attention of some responsible person at the nursery or ship ping point before the treatments are ap plied.
a Carbon disulphide. A technical, C. P., or U. S. P. grade is required. It should be stored in tight drums or cans in a cool, dry place.
The vapor of carbon disulphide is in flammable and explosive. At a tempera ture of 297 P. it may take fire sponta neously and in the presence of certain metals, particularly copper, it may ignite at considerably lower temperatures. It must be kept away from fire, and from hot objects such as electric light bulbs, unprotected brush-type motors, steam pipes, etc. Lighted cigars, cigarettes, or pipes must never be brought near carbon disulphide.
Carbon disulphide is a blood poison, but poisoning by this chemical is rare.
Exposure to the vapor may cause giddi ness and headache. When these symp toms develop, the individual should get into the open air.
b Carbon disulphide emulsion. The required carbon disulphide emulsion con sists of carbon disulphide, meeting the above requirements, mixed with an equal volume of a castor-oil-soap emulsifier which has been prepared according to the directions published in the Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemis try, Volume 20, pages 849-850, August 1929.
The carbon disulphide and the castoroil-soap emulsifier should be obtained in separate containers. The emulsion must never be prepared in a large quantity.
It should be prepared in the field as it is used. In preparing the stock emul sion, equal volumes of carbon disulphide and the emulsifier are mixed. This stock emulsion, when diluted with the required amount of water, forms the treating solution.
Carbon disulphide emulsion, even after dilution, is inflammable. The pre cautions given for handling carbon di sulphide must be observed.
c Ethylene oxide. A technical, C.
P., or U. S. P. grade is required.
The vapor of ethylene oxide is in flammable and explosive. It must be kept away from fire, and from hot ob jects such as electric light bulbs, unpro tected brush-type motors, steam pipes, etc. Lighted cigars, cigarettes, or pipes must never be brought near ethylene oxide.
Ethylene oxide is not highly toxic to man. Continued exposure to the vapor may cause giddiness and headache.
When these symptoms develop, the indi vidual should get into the open air.
d Hydrocyanic a c i d . Commercial liquid hydrocyanic acid, 96 to 98 percent HCN, or this material absorbed on fiber discoids which are divided into two
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units, each comprising a series of dis coids held together in the form of a chain in a can containing 6y2 ounces of HCN, or calcium cyanide, 88 percent pure, are required. The cylinders and cans of these cyanide products should be stored in a cool, dry place.
Gaseous hydrocyanic acid is inflam mable and explosive. All fire and unpro tected brush-type motors must be kept from contact with the gas. Lighted cigars, cigarettes, or pipes should never be carried. In addition it is known that liquid hydrocyanic acid undergoes de composition on long storage in a closed container. It is advisable that only suf ficient of these cyanide products be pro cured for the seasons work. The resi due left after fumigation with calcium cyanide is dangerous and great care must be exercised in disposing of it.
Hydrocyanic acid is a violent poison.
Inhaling hydrocyanic acid gas or ab sorbing it through the skin is very dan gerous and must be avoided. A suitable gas mask and rubber gloves must be worn at all times when handling hydro cyanic acid, or calcium cyanide, and when opening the hatches of fumigated cars for aeration. If it is absorbed by the system, prompt action may prevent serious consequences. The established principles of first aid in HCN poisoning are: 1 Induce continued heavy breath ing of fresh air by artificial respiration, using the Shaefer Prone pressure method; 2 neutralize the gas poison ing with weak ammonia fumes or aro matic spirits of ammonia; 3 call a physician. Small bottles of ammonium carbonate, as the source of ammonia fumes, should be readily available as an inhalant at all times.
e Lead arsenate. Lead arsenate which satisfies the standard require ments of the chemical for use as an agricultural spray is required. It should contain at least 30 percent arsenic pentoxide, and not more than 0.75 percent water-soluble metallic arsenic. It should be obtained in powdered form to which no stickers have been added. Lead ar senate should be stored in a dry place that is not accessible to animals.
Lead arsenate is poisonous to man and animals. When applying the ma terial, the worker should wear gloves to protect his hands, since the poison may be absorbed into the system through cuts and abrasions of the skin.
The worker should keep his hands away from his mouth at all times while handling the material and be sure to wash thoroughly before eating. If ab sorbed by the system, call a physician, give an emetic such as warm water and mustard, and give milk or white of egg.
f Methyl bromide. The commer cial grade is required. Containers of methyl bromide should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated place. Avoid leak age by seeing that the valves on the cylinders are tightly closed.
Methyl bromide is a gas at ordinary temperatures. As it has only a very